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The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?

The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? Interrelated Crises. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? Interrelated Crises A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy. Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE) Stereotypical “good emperor”.

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The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?

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  1. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?

  2. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises

  3. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy

  4. Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE) Stereotypical “good emperor”

  5. Where things begin to go wrong: His incompetent son, Commodus (180-192), (featured in the recent film Gladiator)

  6. Another of the “bad” emperors: Carcalla (211-217 CE)

  7. Damnatio Memoriae:  Carcalla "erases" his brother Geta

  8. Maximinus Thrax (235-238) First of the "Soldier Emperors" (235-284)

  9. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition • Interrelated Crises • Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare

  10. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west

  11. The Persian King Shapur captures the Roman Emperor Valerian, without even unsheathing his sword (260 AD):

  12. Emperor Valerian (253-260), captured and bowing before the Persian king, Shapur I

  13. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west

  14. Decius, 249-251

  15. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west • C. Growth of the Army

  16. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west • C. Growth of the Army • D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage

  17. Silver Denarii: TRAJANUS DECIUS 249–251 AD Reverse: Dacia standing left holding staff with head of ass

  18. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west • C. Growth of the Army • D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage • Crisis or Transition?

  19. Roman Assimilation: Syrian Romans

  20. Egyptian Romans

  21. Jewish Romans

  22. The Third Century: Crisis or Transition? • Interrelated Crises • A. Imperial Turnover: • From military monarchy to military anarchy • B. Constant Warfare • 1. Persians in the East • 2. Germans in the north & west • C. Growth of the Army • D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage • Crisis or Transition?

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