Soil Review

1. Soil Review Ms. Sanderson

2. The gradual rounding of the corners and edges of angular blocks of rock is called __ • Unloading • Exfoliation • Mechanical weathering • Spheroidal weathering

3. Spheroidal weathering

4. Which of the following is NOT a major component of soil? • Mineral matter • Air • Earthworms • humus

5. earthworms

6. The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called __ • Weathering • Soil formation • Erosion • Mass movement

7. Mass movement

8. A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, incline surface is called __ • Slide • Rockfall • Flow • slump

9. slide

10. The atmospheric gas that forms acid rain when dissolved in water is __. • Carbon dioxide • Sulfur • Oxygen • aluminum

11. Carbon dioxide

12. Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movement? • The plant roots lubricate the loose sediment • The plant roots bind the soil & regolith together • The soil loses nutrients and begins to crumble • The shaking triggers mass movements

13. The plant roots bind the soil and regolith together

14. The downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface is called a(n) ___.

15. Slump

16. In the process of ___, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks.

17. Frost wedging

18. The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called __. • Chemical weathering • Differential weathering • Mechanical weathering • erosion

19. Mechanical weathering

20. Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering? • A rock that has been split in two • A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds • A rock that has been broken into tiny pieces • A rock that has lost its outer layers

21. A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds

22. In a well-developed soil profile, which horizon is the uppermost layer? • The A horizon • The B horizon • The C horizon • The parent horizon

23. A horizon

24. The process called __ involved physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces.

25. Mechanical weathering

26. What is the force behind mass movement? • Gravity • Moving ice • Flowing water • The sun’s energy

27. gravity

28. One of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movement is a(n) __.

29. Earthquake

30. When a block of material moves downslope along a curved surface, the type of mass movement is called ___. • Creep • A rockslide • A rockfall • A slump

31. slump

32. Which of the following weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water? • Exfoliation • Spheroidal weathering • Unloading • Frost wedging

33. Frost wedging

34. A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called __.

35. talus

36. The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering, and covering nearly all of Earth’s land surface, is called __.

37. regolith

38. What factor commonly triggers mass movement? • Removal of vegetation • Earthquakes • Saturation of the surface materials with water • All of the above

39. All of the above

40. How are the soil horizons ordered from the top of the profile to the bottom? • A, B, C • C, B, A • A, C, B • B, C, A

41. A, B, C

42. The B horizon is also called the __ • Partially altered parent material • Topsoil • Subsoil • Unaltered parent material

43. subsoil

44. The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity is called a(n) ___.

45. Mass movement

46. The process that changes rock into one or more new compounds is called _____.

47. Chemical weathering

48. A soil’s texture is determined by __ • Particle size • Water content • Type of humus • Mineral composition

49. Particle size

50. Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering? • Biological activity • Frost wedging • Unloading • Reactions with oxygen