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Intro to the Atomic Theory

Intro to the Atomic Theory. Elements, Atoms, and Subatomic Particles. Bill Nye - Atoms. Matter. What is matter? It is the substance that all objects are made up of What is matter made up of? Atoms – these are the smallest particle of any element. Atoms. What are atoms made up of?

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Intro to the Atomic Theory

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  1. Intro to the Atomic Theory Elements, Atoms, and Subatomic Particles Bill Nye - Atoms

  2. Matter • What is matter? • It is the substance that all objects are made up of • What is matter made up of? • Atoms – these are the smallest particle of any element

  3. Atoms • What are atoms made up of? • Subatomic particles • What are subatomic particles? • Particles that are smaller than the atom/ • Parts that make up the atom

  4. Subatomic Particles • What are the 3 types of subatomic particles? • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  5. Protons • Represented as: p+ • Have a +1 electrical charge • “Positive Protons” • Have a relative mass of ~ 1 amu(atomic mass unit) • Located in the atom’s nucleus

  6. Neutrons • Represented as: n • Has no electrical charge • “No charge neutrons” • Has a relative mass of ~ 1 amu(atomic mass unit) • Is located in the atom’s nucleus

  7. Electrons • Represented as: e- • Has a -1 electrical charge • ‘egative electrons • Has a relative mass of ~ 1/2000 amu(atomic mass units) • It is located in the region around the nucleus

  8. Comparing the 3 Subatomic Particles

  9. Anatomy of an Atom NEUCLEUS = center of the atom; contains the PROTONS and NEUTRONS ELECTRONS = moving around the nucleus in organized energy levels

  10. Atomic Number and Mass • Atomic Number = the number of p+ found in the nucleus • This number never changes • Atomic Mass = the number of p+ and n found in the nucleus • So the number of neutrons is the atomic mass - the atomic number

  11. Neutral Atoms • There are the same number of p+ in an atom as e- • Protons give the atom a positive charge • Electrons give the atom a negative charge • Together, these two charges cancel each other out, making the atom neutrally charged Example: Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19. That means there are 19 protons in the nucleus. That means there are also 19 electrons in the atom.

  12. Practice! • For Boron: • What is the atomic number? • What is the atomic mass? • How many protons are in the atom? • How many neutrons are in the atom? • How many electrons are in the atom? 5 10.81 5 10.81 11 – 5 = 6 Round to the nearest whole # 5

  13. Practice! • For Silicon: • What is the atomic number? • What is the atomic mass? • How many protons are in the atom? • How many neutrons are in the atom? • How many electrons are in the atom? 14 28.086 14 28.086 28 – 14 = 14 Round to the nearest whole # 14

  14. Nuclear Charge • Nuclear Charge= the electrical charge on the nucleus • Since the protons are the only subatomic particle in the nucleus with a charge, the nuclear charge = the number of protons • Atomic # = # of p+ = nuclear charge The atomic number for Carbon is 6. That means there are 6 protons in the nucleus. That also mean that the nuclear charge is +6. What are the nuclear charges on the rest of these elements?

  15. Review • What are the charges on the subatomic particles? • What particle(s) account for the atom’s mass? • What particle(s) account for the atom’s volume? • What is a neutral atom? Homework • Read pg. 170-171 • Complete the Atomic Structure WS Protons positive Electrons negative Neutrons neutral Protons and Neutrons Electrons Protons = Electrons

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