Grinding for War 1861-1865

1. Grinding for War 1861-1865

2. Inauguration Speech Speech stresses keeping the union together at all costs. Won’t touch slavery where it exists, but will not allow slavery to expand to western territories. Tells congress he will make no compromises. The Menace of Secession

3. Split would please most of Europe War means the “New World” is open again to European powers Everybody is watching

4. One of two southern forts still under Union control 2nd day in office Abe will send supply ship to Fort Sumter Southerners will fire upon the supply ship, the Civil War begins. In a 36 hour span,the South will fire 4,000 rounds. Fort destroyed, but nobody is injured. Abe has made the south look like the aggressor, Abe announces blockade on Southern Seaports Fort Sumter

5. South views Lincoln as the aggressor Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina join CSA Richmond Virginia becomes confederate capitol More States join the C.S.A

6. Border States = Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, (later West Virginia) Population is 50% of white male CSA Border States would dramatically increase manufacturing for South Abe- publicly states that war is not to free slaves, why? Border Blood

7. 5 Tribes in Oklahoma, support confederacy Plains Indians sided with Union, after war rewarded with military campaign to force them on a reservation Natives and the Civil War

8. Billy Yank vs. Johnny Reb Mtn. Whites of south send 50,000 to Union Loyal slave states send 300,000 soldiers to Union Lincoln’s wife had four brothers in Confederate Army A War of Brothers

9. South has much better Military generals, graduated from West Point. South only has to fight a defensive war. They do not have to win the war, just have to survive and break the North’s will. Majority of war will be fought in the South, therefore they are much more familiar with the geography. Southerners are extremely motivated. They are defending states’ rights and in essence are defending their homeland. Southern Advantages

10. Lack of factories Rebelling nation, thus no allies States’ rights means Railroads are not uniform. (supply problems) States’ rights will stop Confederate government from agreeing on anything. South Disadvantages

11. ¾ of nations wealth and railroads 2/3 of the United States population (Immigrants) 1. This will create a larger army. 2.Also means will still have people to work in factories. Superior Navy Factories- will help the North maintain necessary war supplies, like guns, bullets, shoes etc Already have a stable government and standing army. North Advantages

12. Early on poor military leadership. Have to win the war. North Disadvantages

13. Uncle Tom’s Cabin helps keep public support for N in England and France But Britain still relies on South’s Cotton 1861- Britain has huge cotton surplus Egypt and India are also starting to supply Britain North = King Wheat and King Corn- During ACW Brits have bad harvest, thus more reliant on the North King Cotton Diplomacy- Southerners (not the Confederate government) will destroy their cotton crops, in hopes of creating a shortage in Britain, thus making US cotton more expensive. The South Needs Allies

14. Trent Affair- British Mail Carrier Trent capture by Union ship, had two Confederate diplomats bound to Europe- Abe captured them, but then released them to avoid war with England Alabama – confederate ship made in Britain Decisive Diplomacy

15. 1863- Laird Rams- Confed. Warships being built in London shipyard, far stronger than the Alabama England had to back down, and buy war ships before the confederates would Foreign Flare Ups

16. Confed. Constitution, cannot logically deny right for states to secede (ex in Georgia troops would only fight in Georgia) Davis works diligently on all aspects of government (way too much work) Jefferson Davis

17. Congress was not in session when session occurred Abe ordered the blockade Increased the size of the army ( supposed to be congress’s job) Advanced 2 million dollars worth of money for military purposes Suspends writ of Habeas corpus to arrest anti-unionists Supervised border state elections Able to do this because of solid government, not interference from state’s righters Abraham Lincoln bends the Constitution

18. At first voluntary 1861- Conscription Law (draft) Favored rich, who could pay for a substitute or give three hundred dollars to escape service Northern Army Issues

19. 1863- New York City Draft Riots Large portion are Irish, worried about free blacks taking jobs Northern Army Issues

20. 90% of army were volunteers (social and economic pressures) “Bounty Brokers” sign for war to get bonus, then leave and reenlist for more bonuses Northern Army Issues

21. Similar problems Mainly volunteer armies Less population, means bottom of the barrel runs out fast Draft- Ages 17-50 Large slave owners are except Confederate Army Issues

22. Morrill Tariff Act- replaces tariff of 1857 Protects N. Industries Protective tariff is now associated with Republican party National Banking System- establish a standard currency note Banks that enter system can buy government bonds and now issue sound money backed by them Economic Stresses of War (North)

23. Increased taxes just like north, but states righters oppose them and often do not pay Printer their own paper money Huge inflation rates Confederate dollar was worth 1.6 cents Union dollar was 39 cents Confederate inflation rate = 9000% Union inflation rate= 80% Economic Stresses of War (South)

24. Protective tariff= business flourish Some are less honest- make cheap shoes and uniforms, so that Army needs more replacements Homestead Act- 160 acre plots, 25 cents a acre Women take jobs of men, thus economic gains are made US Sanitary Commission- trains field nurses, Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix Northern Economic Boom

25. Average S. income per capita was 2/3 more than the n After war 2/5 of a northerner Economic Cannibalism A Crushed Cotton Kingdom