Chapter 23: Communicable Diseases

1. Chapter 23: Communicable Diseases • Key Terms- • Communicable Disease • Infection • Virus • Transmit • Immunity • Phagocyte • Vector • Antibody • Bacteria

2. Key Terms, cont. • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis (TB) • Inflammatory Response • Vaccine • Immunization • Rubella • Lymphocyte • Antigens

3. What Causes Infectious Diseases? • Small microscopic organisms, also known as pathogens. • Pathogens invade the body and attack its cells and tissues. • Pathogens take many forms including Viruses, Bacteria, Rickettsias, Protozoan, and Fungi.

4. How Infectious Diseases are spread….. • 1.) People • Direct Contact • Indirect Contact • 2.) Animals • 3.) Contaminated Objects • 4.) Environment

5. The Body’s Barriers Against Disease • Innate Immune System • 1.) Mucous Membranes • 2.) Enzymes in tears and saliva • 3.) Unbroken skin • 4.) Digestive juices • 5.) White blood cells

6. Barriers, cont. • Adaptive Immune System • 1.) Lymphocytes • T cells • B cells

7. Common Infectious Diseases • Respiratory Infections • 1.) Common Cold- viral • 2.) Influenza- viral • 3.) Tuberculosis- bacterial • 4.) Strep Throat- bacterial

8. H1N1 virus • http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm • Any questions?

9. Infectious Diseases, cont. • Nervous System • 1.) Encephalitis- virus; inflammation of the brain • 2.) Meningitis- viral and bacterial; inflammation of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord • 3.) Poliomyelitis- polio; caused by a virus

10. Other Diseases • 1.) Measles- viral • 2.) Mononucleosis- viral; spreads through direct contact, mostly • “kissing disease” • 3.) Hepatitis- mostly viral • A- results from eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated; vaccine available. • B- more serious than A; spread through contaminated medical instruments, sexual contact with an infected person, and shared needles by infected drug users; vaccine available.

11. Other Diseases, cont. • C- spread through infected blood; can cause liver cancer; no known cure; no vaccine.

12. Common Sense Measures • 1.) Overall good health • 2.) Bathe or shower daily • 3.) Avoid sharing eating or drinking utensils • 4.) Store and prepare food in a safe way • 5.) Wash your hands • 6.) Cover your mouth when sick, avoid giving disease to someone else • 7.) If you are well, avoid contact with sick people

13. Conclusion • Types of pathogens • Types of diseases • Common senses measures

14. Questions??