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Reform of Thinking

Reform of Thinking.

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Reform of Thinking

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  1. Reform of Thinking TRANSCENDENTALISM*Among the transcendentalists' core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people and nature. *Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions—particularly organized religion and political parties—ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. *They had faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.*The major leaders in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, Margaret Fuller and Amos Bronson Alcott

  2. People like Gandhi and Martin Luther King followed this form of thinking which allowed for Civil Disobedience. "Civil Disobedience" is an analysis of the individual’s relationship to the state that focuses on why men obey governmental law even when they believe it to be unjust. Thoreau detested slavery and because tax revenues contributed to the support of it, Thoreau decided to become a tax rebel.Thoreau declined to pay the tax and so, in July 1846, he was arrested and jailed. Without his knowledge or consent, however, relatives settled the “debt” and a disgruntled Thoreau was released after only one night. The incarceration may have been brief but it has had enduring effects through "Civil Disobedience."

  3. Reform of Thinking TRANSCENDENTALISMReligion continues to play an important role in Western Expansion. In the early 1700’s: The First Great Awakening occurred bringing the idea that God loves everyoneIn the 1820’s-1830’s: The Second Great Awakening occurs, prompting the idea of social reform (ending slavery b/c it is anti-Christian)Music, Art, and Literature reflect the ideas growing in society.

  4. John J. Audubondrew birds, mammals, plants and other nature items. • Birds of America, gave life size portraits of birds • Discovered many new species of birds and mammals. • Discovered behavior of birds and their anatomy, Ivory-billed Woodpecker by John J. Audubon Wild Turkey 1822 Founded the Audubon Society

  5. 1825 Hudson River School Thomas Cole • Nature is the center of focus • Interprets themes of discovery & Exploration • Landscapes encourages western expansion

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