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TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Thypological research investigates the object constancy in a variable context. TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH. The term Thypology means Study of the thypes (from greek tipo-logos: print, model, figure).

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TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH

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  1. Thypological research investigates the object constancy in a variable context TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH The term Thypology means Study of the thypes (from greek tipo-logos: print, model, figure) Typological research compares and classifies types and determines their variants in various context An architectural type is a category of architectural designs with common characteristics conveyed in a schema. EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  2. Types and Models According with Quatremère de Quincy (1755-1849) and Giulio Carlo Argan (1909- 1992) a type must be distinguished from a model: A Model is a way to recognize an object or to propose a new one, using a unique and exact cultural reference, which has an objective counterpart in reality. A Type is a logic abstraction made to compare and to associate different objects in order to make a classification. A Type is an object according to which everyone can conceive works that not resemble each other. “in the model everything is given and precise, in the type everything is more or less vague”. Quatremère de Quncy, Historical dictionary of Architecture EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  3. Form, structure and function types The formulation of a type is conditioned from the fact that exists a series of objects having one or more obvious funcional or formal analogy. Form type: if the common characteristics are only related to form Organic form Geometric form Tree, stem, umbel, flower Construction elements, constructions, urban ensembles, neighbourhoods Combinatoric tranformations using operations like INTERSECTION, ADDICTION, SUBSTRACTION Structure type: if the characteristics of the type are strictly related with the iterance of its primary elements The peripteros and the basilica are structure types because the colums and dividing wall are indispensable in their constellation. If we imagine the planimetric scheme deriving from a domino piece, it is impossible to add it in the same structure type. Function type: if the function is included in its shared characteristics The function concept presupposes implicitly an elaborate external structure EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  4. Taxonomy based upon social differentiation at an urban level: Jakubowsky and Parson’s sub-division (social differentiation and function division) Typology as a principle of classification: a functional taxonomy the concept of typology is worth as principle of classification based on sure analogies. When the class of phenomena become larger, is perceived the necessity to group them and to order them in categories or classes. The typological grouping does not have the purpose of the artistic appraisal neither of the historical definition: common or highest level works of whichever time and place can re-enter in the same typological class. Function type • Pierre George’s categorisation: The trias urbanica • Economy • Culture • Management • Trias politica legislative/ judicial/ executive power • Trias cultura religion/ art/ education • Trias economica production/ trade/ consumption EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  5. Disperse living • Inter-weaving with • other land uses • Office close to a restaurant • whit its own canteen • Segregation between • the two complementary • functions Form and structure types • Taxonomy based upon the pinciple of the implicit function characteristics: Urban functions can be spatially concentrated or de-concentrated; this leads to various types. • Concentrate living • Segregation between • different functions All these type characteristics are scale-sensitive: Something considered segregation in one specific framework can be considered inter-weaving within a larger framework. Scale Paradox EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  6. Image type • Taxonomy based upon the pinciple of the cultural connotations: • In architecture an image type is a scale-less image of the archetype preceding the form • In landscape architecture the term is also used as a function type recognising just the visual, tactile, moving impression that an artefact leaves in many people collectively • The image type involves directly the sense in the remembrance of people, and is full of collective historical and cultural connotations. EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

  7. The typological criterion never lead to defined results: On one hand, it is because there are many and various topics in which is possible to proceed for the classification (functions, structures, forms, etc.), on the other, it is because, once that a class is formed, it is always possible to ulteriorly subdivide it in further more specific classes, with a process that stops only in front of the unicum. EMU Valeria Ciancarelli

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