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COLOMBIA

COLOMBIA. Introduction. Geography. Regions Andes Atlantic Coast Pacific Coast Jungle (Leticia Corridor). People. Population (35 million - 2005) Ethnicity Caucasians (relatively more than in other Latin American countries) Mestizos Largest demographic group

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COLOMBIA

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  1. COLOMBIA Introduction

  2. Geography • Regions • Andes • Atlantic Coast • Pacific Coast • Jungle (Leticia Corridor)

  3. People • Population (35 million - 2005) • Ethnicity • Caucasians (relatively more than in other Latin American countries) • Mestizos • Largest demographic group • Predominate in highlands • Indians (highlands and jungle) • Mulattos - African-Colombians • Primarily on the coasts

  4. Cartagena: Fortress of Spanish America

  5. Bogota – Not quite a Primate City

  6. Other Cities of Colombia • Medellin: industry • Cali: Gateway to the Pacific • Baranquilla: Caribbean commerce • Bucamaranga: vibrant city of the interior

  7. Leticia: Colombia’s Window on the Amazon River

  8. Great Depression gives rise to Liberal hegemony • Historic struggle between Liberals and Conservatives • Pro-clerical • Dominate until the Great Depression • State intervention in economy under Alfonso López Pumarejo • Anti-clerical • Majority party since the Great Depression

  9. Return of the Conservatives1946-53 • 1946 election of Mariano Ospina Pérez (Conservative) • La Violencia begins in 1946 • 14,000 killed in 1947 alone

  10. 1948 assassination of Jorge Gaitán leads to Bogotazo • State of siege declared by civilian government • Civilian politicians lose their legitimacy

  11. Dictatorship of Gen. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 1953-57 • Conservative split • Liberal support for military intervention • July 13, 1953 military Golpe • Progress in pacification

  12. Colombian Military: anti-oligarchy accent takes hold • Amnesty for Communists • Pacification of countryside leads to sympathy for the peasants • Beginnings of military populism • Economic crisis and suspension of credit by World Bank leads to removal

  13. The National Front • Created by Alberto Lleras Camargo (Liberal) and Laureano Gómez (Conservative) • Stipulations • Alternation • Parity in congress, cabinet, governors mayors • No new parties • Merit in lower civil service • Two-thirds majority in congress to pass legislation

  14. Period of National Front Rule • Liberals • Alberto Lleras Camargo (1958-62) • Carlos Lleras Restrepo (1966-70) • Conservatives • Guillermo Leon Valencia (1962-66) • Misael Pistrana Borrero (1970-74)

  15. ANAPO and the End of the National Front • Rojas wins in the cities but official returns claim that he lost • Rojas: aged and in poor health • Acquiesces to defeat • ANAPO institutionalized as a political party • Transfer of leadership to daughter María Eugenia

  16. End of National Front • National Front dissolves in 1974 • Behind the scenes cooperation continues between Liberals and Conservatives

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