3.4 Nutrient Cycling

1. 3.4 Nutrient Cycling

2. Standards • Anchor: BIO.B.4.2 Describe interactions & relationships in an ecosystem • BIO.4.2.3: Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem

3. Ecology • Remember: living organisms are composed of organic matter: • Full of carbs, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids!

4. n u t r i e n t s Ecology • How is matter cycled? • **Remember: there is a ONE-WAY flow of energy through the ecosystem, but matter(organic stuff) must be recycled throughout the ecosystem!!*** • Energy is moved through parts of an ecosystem through biogeochemicalcycles • Ex: water, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen cycles decomposers

5. n u t r i e n t s Ecology • Nutrients: molecules that an organism needs to sustain life • Used to build tissues and carry out metabolism • Ex: CHONPS decomposers

6. Ecology • Hydrologic Cycle • Importance • Every living thing requires WATER

7. Ecology • Hydrologic Cycle • Key Processes: • Evaporation: liquid  gas • Transpiration: evaporation from plant leaves • Condensation: gas  liquid • Precipitation: rain, sleet, snow, hail • Runoff: water moving downhill into streams/rivers • Infiltration: water soaking into the soil

8. Ecology • Hydrologic Cycle Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Evaporation Runoff http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

9. Ecology • Carbon Cycle • Importance • Used in making living tissues and animal skeletons • Regulates temperature in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide) • Plants photosynthesis  pass along glucose in food webs

10. Ecology • Carbon Cycle • Key Processes: • Photosynthesis: how autotrophs produce glucose (food) while removing carbon dioxide from the air • CO2 + H2O + light  C6H12O6+ O2 • Cellular Respiration: how all organismsbreak down food to get ATPenergy and release carbon dioxide in the air • C6H12O6 + O2  CO2+ H2O + ATP • ATP is a molecule used for energy

11. Ecology • Decomposition: bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms and release their nutrients in the soil and carbon dioxide in the air • Creates fossil fuels with extreme pressure • Combustion: Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and trees releases carbon dioxide into the air and this can lead to global warming http://www.npr.org/2007/05/01/9943298/episode-1-its-all-about-carbon

12. CO2 Burning FF PS Burning plants CR by plants/animals Fossil Fuel formation Decomposition

14. Ecology • Nitrogen Cycle: • Importance: • All organisms require nitrogen to make aminoacidsthat are used to build proteins • Forms of Nitrogen: • Nitrogen Gas (N2): in atmosphere • Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3-), Nitrite (NO2-): found in wastes & in decaying organisms

16. Ecology • Nitrogen Cycle: • Key Processes: • Nitrogen fixation: convert nitrogen gas into ammonia • N2 NH3 • Performed by bacteria found in the soil or in roots of plants

17. Ecology • Nitrogen Cycle: • Key Processes: • Ammonification:ammonia(NH3) is converted to nitrate(NO3-) and nitrite(NO2-) • NH3 NO3- • NH3 NO2- • Done by bacteria in the soil OR

18. Ecology • Nitrogen Cycle: • Key Processes: • Assimilation: plants use nitrates or nitritesmade for them by the bacteria or animals consume nitrates and nitrites by eating plants • Nitrogen is in organism and can be used to make amino acids

19. Ecology • Nitrogen Cycle: • Key Processes: • Detrification: nitrates (NO3-) are changed into nitrogen gas(N2) • NO3- N2 • Nitrogen gas is released back into atmosphere