Heredity Unit Exam FR

1. Heredity Unit Exam FR

2. 26. A A A A aa B B aa D D d d B B bb bb D D E E ee d d E E ee Metaphase Prophase A A a B B a b b D D d d E E e e Anaphase Telophase

3. 27. • Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes • Meiosis II separates sister chromatids

4. 28. • Genes code for proteins in taste buds • Incomplete dominance • AA = very bitter • Aa= taste some bitterness • aa = no taste

5. 29. • You get some of your dad’s traits • You express traits from mom she wasn’t expressing (recessive) • You express a combo of their two alleles (incomplete/codominance, multiple gene inheritance) • Mutations, change in gene expression, environmental effects etc. All increase diversity, which increases chances someone survives!

6. 30. • Lots of examples, but all involve a dysfunctional protein • i.e hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia, enzyme in tay-sachs, light absorbing pigment in color blindness, clotting protein in hemophilia, connective protein in Marfans etc.

7. Transcription/Translation Simulation • 10 minutes to get as far as you can, then we will discuss

8. 1. Transcription • DNA code used to make messenger RNA • The sleeve represents the nucleus, which protects the DNA and keeps it from being damaged, altered or lsot

9. 2. Translation • Protein assembled based on mRNA instructions in the ribosome with the help of tRNAs which carry each amino acid

10. 2b. • Slightly different versions of each other (aka different alleles for the same gene) • Came about most likely due to a mistake when the original one was being replicated

11. 2c. • Individual is heterozygous in gene 1 and homozygous in gene 2. • 1a and 1b chromosomes are homologous to each other as are chromosomes 2a and 2b

12. 3a. • Joke= protein • Word = amino acid • Protein is made of many amino acids, like a joke is made of many words • The order of the amino acids determines the proteins structure and function

13. 3b • Depends on the word. Some words are very important – some words aren’t • i.e. What do you call that cow with no legs? Ground beef – the mistaken word doesn’t have a big affect • What do you call a birth with no legs? Ground beef completely changes the joke • Same thing in proteins! Some amino acids are critical, some will just change things slightly

14. 3c. • Mutations usually bad, but very rarely can have positive effect. Important in evolution

15. 4a • Depends on letter • Biggest effect on start codon • Deletion/Addition is most serious

16. 4c. • Imagine: THE FAT CAT ATE THE DOG • Changing one later, may or may not have a big effect • THE FAT CAT ATE THA DOG • THE FAT CAT ATE THE HOG • Deletion has huge effect • THE ATC ATA TET HAD OG • Addition also has large effect • THE GFA TCA TAT ETH EDO G

17. 5. tRNA must complement mRNA • Beef = UGU or UGC so tRNAs can be ACA or ACG • What= AUG so tRNA must be UAC

18. 7. • tRNA must be complementary to mRNA which is complementary to DNA • So the order of amino acids depends on the sequence of the DNA

19. Performance Task • This is the same task you did in the beginning of the year so you can see if you have learned this material • You will take an end of year performance task as well • Take it like a quiz – if you do well, I will count it, if not I won’t

20. R.A.F.T. on Transcription/Translation • Include the following in your representation: • DNA • promoter • RNA polymerase, transcription factors • mRNA • Ribosome • tRNA • Start codon, stop codon • Amino acids • Protein • You can use the book, notes, or if need be a computer