Sex Offenders: What Schools, Sport Clubs and Youth Service Organizations Should Know

1. Sex Offenders: What Schools, Sport Clubs and Youth Service Organizations Should Know Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. Center for Behavioral Intervention 4345 SW 109th Beaverton, Oregon 97005 503-644-2772 Cjjensen5@earthlink.net

2. Studying Criminals to Safeguard Children • Training originally designed for LEA • Disturbing information • Sit through it once in your careerr. • Only one of the many problems facing children, families, schools and youth organizations • If you are a parent, thing about the information for a while before you talk to your children! • If you have a history of abuse, talk to someone afterward.

3. Sex Abuse/Misconduct Problems That Impact All Child Serving Institutions • 20% of all children and adults have/will be victimized. • Agencies face students/student, staff/student, staff/staff or staff/off property misconduct. • Can involve hands on crimes, Internet crimes (child pornography or “travlers”), hands off (peeping/exposing) or harassment. • Victims may have special needs and abuse can interfere with learning. • All can impact children, co-workers and administration

4. Workshop Topics • The “math "of child abuse. • Etiology of sexual deviancy. • Reporting, detection rates, “cross over” • Offender “MO,” or “Grooming” Tactics • Red flag behaviors to watch for. • Other things we can do to protect children and agencies.

5. Where Do They Come From? • What causes this? • How do people get this way? • Are we raising more?

6. Polygraph Testing Leads to Better Understanding of Adult and Juvenile Sex Offenders (Hindman, J. & Peters, J., 2001)

7. The Offender’s View • “As a small child, I had a 4-year-old sexual friend with whom I enjoyed many childhood sexual experiences. Our friendship lasted four or five years and my victims reminded me of my childhood friend. “ • “I can’t even remember a time when I wasn’t sexual with other children.” • “I developed a sexual interest in young girls that stayed with me as I grew older.” • “At I got older, I got better and better at picking victims. • “After I was abused, I became really sexual and it didn’t take much to trigger my behavior.” • “Once it got started, it snowballed and my parents never even knew what was happening to me.”

8. Children and Problematic Sexual Behavior • Experts estimate that 1 in 10 children engage in inappropriate sexual behavior with other children. • 35% to 40% of all sexual crimes against children are committed by juveniles. • 40% of “acquaintance rapes” are committed by juveniles • Adult offenders report that the average age of their first criminal sex offense was at age 14.

9. “Watching Makes You Hungrier” • Are kids becoming sexualized/pornified at a younger age? • Are kids more open about sex? • What impact will the cultural shift have? • Changed in sexual norms • Appropriate adult responses to: • Sexting and pornification • Boundaries

10. Pornified: How Pornography is Damaging our Lives, our Relationships and our Families. By Pamela Paul, 2005 • One in 4 Internet users reported Internet porn use. • Average age of first exposure to Internet porn is 11. • 32% of male and 11% of female respondents reported viewing online porn. • 80% of 15 to 17 year olds have had multiple exposures. • Younger adults reported being more likely to have viewed porn online. • 37% of 18 to 24 year olds. • 22% of 35 to 54 year olds.

11. Deviant arousal or interests Over identification with children Sex as a coping strategy. Narcissism Criminality Adverse family backgrounds Attachment problems. Intimacy deficits Emotional problems Social competency problems Inadequate coping skills Poor impulse control. Common Characteristics of Child Molesters

12. Where do they take place? • Offenses happen in public, on agency property or at home. • Second only to families, child serving organizations have the highest rates of offending. • 1 in 10 cases takes place on school property or a park (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000). • 94% of people arrested have not been arrested before (New York Sex Offender Management, 2007)

13. 100% / 30% / 30% (Dept of Justice, 1996) Only 3% of crimes had been reported & prosecuted (Abel, 1986). 52% of offenders reported that children had told, people had discovered, but no one contacted authorities. (CBI ,1992) Offenders commit an average of 119.7 sex crimes before they are caught (Weinrott, 1998). Men who primarily abuse girls, abuse an average of 12 girls (Hindman & Peters, 2001, CBI, 1992). Men who primarily abuse boys, abuse twice as many (CBI, 1992). Do Criminal Background Checks Protect Us?

14. Sentencing Advisory Council, 2007

15. Sexual Crimes Among Males • Community surveys indicate 5% to 33% of men have committed at least one act of sexual aggression (Grotpellier & Elliot, 2002; Koss, 1987; Lisak & Miller, 2002, Abbey, et al. 2001). • 1% to 2% of the adult male population will be convicted of a sexual crime (California Office of the Attorney General, 2004; P Marshall, 1997). • In most states, one out of every 100 men are registered sex offender (CBI, 2011). • Between 5% and 10% of adult males have molested children (Lewis, 1986 & DOJ, 1997).

16. Increased Availability & Access = Increased Risk • Organizations that cater to children and families attract sex offenders. • Organizations that portray themselves as “safe” and focus on “goodness” are at increased risk due to the decreased wariness and surveillance of members.

17. Why Do They Come with The Territory? • People who molest children like to spend time with children. • Some child molesters/pedophiles gravitate toward volunteer or employment positions that offer access to children. • People who molest children enjoy children, are interested in children, know how to work well with children and appear to care about children. • Offenders feel “safe” in our agencies.

18. Child Sexual Abuse and the Male Monopoly: An Empirical Exploration of Gender and A Sexual Interest in Children (Freel, 2003) • Surveyed 183 child care workers in West Yorkshire, England • 15% of male and 4% of female child childcare workers expressed a sexual interest in children • 4% of the men, 2% of the women would “have sex” with children if no one would “find out” and “no punishment”

19. A comparative study of demographic data related to intra –and extra-familial child sexual abusers and professional perpetrators. (Sullivan & Beech, 2004) • 305 adult sex offenders (41 “PP”) • “Professional perpetrators” had higher IQs • Were less likely to be in an intimate adult relationship or have children of their own. • 24% reported exclusive interest in children • 15% said they entered career to offend, 41% said “partly” to offend, 20% “not sure,” 25% did not intend to offend. • 41% said they knew they had a reputation among children for offending.

20. “The Art Teacher” • 20-years worth of reprimands • 14 year old boys and erections • “I learned to teach this way.” • Couldn’t stop himself.

21. Teachers • 2007 API report reviewed disciplinary records from all 50 states • Between 2001 and 2005, 2,500 teachers were sanctioned following allegations of sex abuse • Between 4.1% and 21.1% of students have reported “contact” sexual abuse by a teacher • Translates into 1 in 5 to 1 in 20 .

22. Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature • Commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education (2004) • Teachers whose job description included “time alone” with students more likely to be investigated for sex abuse of students. • Music teachers and coaches were three times more likely to be investigated than “non coaching” staff • Average age of perpetrators was 28.

23. The Extent and Nature of Known Cases of Institutional Abuse (Gallagher, 2000) • Teachers 29% • Music teacher 14% • Pastor 9% • Scout Leader 9% • Daycare 6% • School liaison / security officer 3% • Janitor 3% • Coach 3% • School • photographer 3% • School volunteer 3%

24. Disclosure Rates and Reporting • 1 in every 4 girls, 1 in every 7 boys are abused. (NCV, 2005) • Only 5% to 13% of children tell anyone they are being abused (London, 2005). • The majority of victims delay reporting for years. • 78% of victims do not tell anyone until adulthood (Finkelhor, 1990). • 8% of adults reported that, during the previous year, they knew someone was probably abusing a child. Only 65% intervened, 22% said they did nothing (Amick, 2009).

25. Sex Offender Can Be Expert Charmers and Liars • Their life/freedom depends on covering up their crimes. • 70% of guilty offenders completely deny when first confronted, 30% admit but minimize or rationalize their behavior. • Their position in the community/family may act as “cover.” • They often “prepare” (set people up) to disbelieve the child, or inappropriately defend them. • If the child does tell, they often try to manipulate adults out of reporting them.

26. What you Need to Know About “Crossover” Offending • Some exposers and peepers target children. • Some exposers and peepers go on to rape. • Some rapists molest children. • Some Rape III offenders molest children. • Some child porn offenders molest children. • Some child molesters abuse boys and girls. • Most offenders cross “relationships”

27. Crossover Between Sexual Assault and Child Sexual Abuse • 70% of offenders admitted both child and adult victims with poly (Heil, 2003) • 64% of rapists sexually assaulted a child with poly (O’Connell, 1998) • 50% of rapists admitted sexually assaults against children, no poly (Abel, 1992). • 32% of rapists sexually assaulted a child, no poly. (Weinrott & Saylor, 1991)

28. “Incest” and “Out of Home” Child Victims • 66% of incest offenders admitted out of home child victims (Abel, 1992). • 69% of intra-familial offenders offended outside the home (O’Connell, 1998). • 64% of men whose convictions were related to “incest” also admitted abusing children outside of the home (Heil et al., 2003).

29. Gender Cross Over • 23% of child molesters whose known victims were girls admitted boy victims (Abel & Osborn, 1992) • 63% of child molesters whose known victims were boys admitted girl victims (Abel & Osborn, 1992) • 36% of child molesters abuse both boys and girls (Heil, 2003). • Offenders who abuse young children are 3X more likely to cross genders (Levenson, et al. 2008).

30. General Crossover Data Combination of Polygraph and Treatment Reveals Many Sex Offenders Offend Across Multiple Relationship, Age, Gender & Crime Type Categories. Office of Research and Statistics, Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Department of Public Safety, 2000.

31. Crossover by Gender & AgeFemale Teen (14-17) Victim

32. Crossover by Gender & AgeMale Child (6-9) Victim

33. 1652 offenders All convicted and for sexually abusing children. Biological parent 16% Stepparent 14% Other relative 16% Acquaintance/ friend of parent 26% Person in authority or youth service 22% worker/volunteer Stranger 05% Other 01% Offender Relationship to Victim(Huot, 1999)

34. Women that Molest Children(Carson, 2006) • Responsible for 5% to 20% of offending but represent only 1% to 2% of convictions. • Female offender profiles • Teacher/Lover -“Mary Kay Letourneau” – offender seeks a loving sexual relationship with victim, usually an adolescent male who is troubled and needy. • Seducer- “Debra LaFave” – offender seduces victim for lust, power, revenge, or simply recreational sex. • Molester -Abuses younger children, possible own children, aroused to children, more likely pedophilic, personal abuse history. • Helper -Offender aids or collaborates with another person to offend, may procure victims, observe, or actively participate • Coerced -In abusive relationship, dominated or controlled by another person, past victim of abuse.

35. Estimated Sexual Re-offense Rates. (Hanson, 2007).

36. Selection, Engagement and Seduction of Children and Adult by Child Molesters, Jewell Jensen, Jensen & Bailey, 2000 • Why does grooming work? • Most adult don’t know what to look for. • Most adults don’t want to see it or believe it. • How does grooming work? • By targeting specific children, families and communities to exploit. • Seducing children and adults. • Preparing for disclosure/confrontation • Learning from experience.

37. Method of Operation “Grooming” or “Courtship” • Grooming or “entrapment” is a process by which perpetrators draw children into abusive situations and make it difficult for them to disclose. • A dynamic (changing) process. • Multiple pathways can overlap • Opportunistic, situational or predatory • Most offend via multiple relationships • Hands On vs. Hands Off • Seductive vs. Violent

38. Motivational VS OperationalGoals and Behaviors • Pre-Offending Behavior • Public/family image • Engagement with child/ family • Gradual increase in access and estrangement • Offending Behavior • Gradual desensitization and sexualization • Post Offending Behavior • Denial, alignment, escape • Place self in situation or relationship to have sexual contact with child/ren. • Avoid disclosure, detection and reporting. • Enhance sexual/intimate experience with victim. • Enhance the “thrill of getting away with it.” • Be able to pursue new victims

39. FBI Behavioral Analysis UnitOffender Typology - Grooming • Identity potential target • Availability – Vulnerability – Desirability • Gather information about needs and - vulnerabilities • Via communication or interaction/observation with others • Establish a connection • Access via relationship, activity, and/or organization (alienate or ingratiate caretakers)

40. FBI Behavioral Analysis UnitOffender Typology - Grooming • Fill needs and vulnerabilities • Core grooming behaviors, influenced by offender’s skill and child’s reaction • Lower inhibitions (the “pay off”) • Introduce sexualized talk, touch, play, nudity, porn, etc. • Preserve the process • Prevent disclosure, repeat victimization, encourage victim compliancy/collaboration

41. FBI Behavioral Analysis UnitOffender Typology - Grooming • Constellation of behaviors • Offender supplies both emotional and tangible things, may try to fill “void” in victim’s life/situation. • Attention, recognition, affection, kindness, romance, intimidation • Gifts, staples, drugs/alcohol, privileges, relax rules, allowing the forbidden, breaking down roles/boundaries that usually exist between children/adults, student/teacher, coach/player

42. FBI Behavioral Analysis UnitOffender Typology - Grooming • Grooming is tailored to specific victims and families/agencies (via church – offender may portray self as extremely religious) • Adolescent males • The 3 D’s - driving, drinking, dirty pictures • Boys and girls • Attention, affection, assets

45. Targeting Communities and Institutions • Picking a community or institution • Setting provides access to children. • Offender is “unknown” or “unsuspected.” • Atmosphere of “tolerance and acceptance.” • Appear “gullible, naïve and non-confrontive.” • Has fluid or “loose” boundaries. • Organizations that “aren’t prepared,” aren’t “open to talking about it” or, don’t have good “child safety” policies. ”

46. Dennis “If a school or church had tight policies and talked openly about offenders and child abuse, I’d move on.”

47. Seducing Adults – Exploiting our Strengths and Weaknesses. • “My persona was upstanding, law abiding, bill-paying, intelligent and kind.” • “I made myself out to be a pillar of the community” • Verbalized “hatred” toward sex offenders. • “I was always helpful and polite.” • I’d “set things up to make the kid look like a liar.” • If “head of the household,” he may be controlling, run his wife down, interfere with her relationships with children/victims.

48. Goals • To “test the water” • Create an illusion of trust/safety/affection • Avoid suspicion • Deflect accusations • Separately, behaviors look innocent, taken together, they look more sinister.”

49. Seduction of Children • Engagement, desensitization and sexualization. • Study and befriend the child. • Develop a peer relationship or elevate the child to an “adult status” in the relationship. • Promote physical contact - “wrestling, hugging, tickling, kissing, massages, lap sitting and backrubs.” • Test child’s ability to “keep secrets.” • Expose child to sexual jokes and pornography

50. More “Seduction.” “I’d do some of those things in front of other adults or the kid’s parents just to get everybody comfortable with my interactions with kids.” “When I got ready to push for sex, I’d test the kid by touching them on their private parts to see how they would react. If they stiffened up or acted scared, I’d back off and try again later.”