Frame

1. Exhibit 1. Framing Questions Influence on Directing Subjective Personal Introspection in Explaining BehaviorSource: Inspired, in part, by Figure 5.1, Malle (2004, p. 119). • Key: CHR, causal history reason • valuing--positive or negative affect • toward the action or its outcome • marker--mental state verb used to distance • oneself from a prior held belief or desire • (e.g., “I feared,” “I thought,” “I wanted”) Frame Who? Why? How? What? When? Where? implies causal intentionality implies belief/ desired intentionality implies enabling intentionality implies unintentionality offer situation CHR offer cause: actor mentions factors causing the unintentional behavior situation EF offer belief reason valuing offer desire reason offer person CHR situation cause: conscious / unconscious person EF marker? marker? trait CHR (e.g., informant commits act because she is friendly) person cause: conscious / unconscious conscious / unconscious knowledge, what actor finds true/ false (e.g., “he thought,” “she knew”) actor’s desired outcome, often called goal, aim, end, or purpose (e.g., “to want to,” “to feel like,” “to need to”) trait EF trait cause (e.g., low/high self-esteem)

2. Exhibit 2. Measuring Informant-Held Explicit and Implicit Associations Positivistic Interpretive 1. Fixed-point survey responses 2. Existential- phenomenological reports Explicit Implicit Explicit Implicit Verbal Responses 3. Automatic thought retrievals 4. TAT; FMET 5. Direct observation frequency recordings 6. Direct observation meaning reports; ZMET Nonverbal Responses 7. Implicit association test 8. Behavioral drama enactments