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The First World War-WWI

The First World War-WWI. “The war to end all Wars ” “The war to make the world safe for Democracy ” “The Great War”. Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18. 5-W’s of WWI. What: When: Who: Where: Why:. The First World War:. What?. When?.

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The First World War-WWI

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  1. The First World War-WWI “The warto end all Wars” “The war to make the worldsafe for Democracy” “The GreatWar” Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18

  2. 5-W’s of WWI • What: • When: • Who: • Where: • Why:

  3. The First World War: What? • When? • War involving nearly all the nations of the world • 1914-1918

  4. The First World War: • Who? Central Powers: Allies: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia (out-1917) France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (in-1917)

  5. The First World War: • Where?

  6. Long term - 1. Militarism 2. Alliance system 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism The First World War: • Why? Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914

  7. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  8. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  9. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  10. Europe in 1914

  11. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  12. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

  13. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

  14. The“Spark”

  15. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

  16. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

  17. The Assassination: Sarajevo

  18. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

  19. Steps to War-Alliances • Austria-Hungary Ultimatum to Serbia • July 28th declares war on Serbia • Russiamobilizes army Austrian/German Border • August 1Germanydeclares war on Russia • Aug 3-Germanydeclares war on France • Aug 4- Germany invades Belgiumto get to France- Great Britain declares war on Germany

  20. The Schlieffen Plan

  21. Battle of the Marne • Early September 1914 • Left Schlieffen plan in ruins= 2 front war for Germany- Key event • Turned Western Front into a stalemate • Trench Warfare- Horrific conditions • “No man’s land”= land between trenches

  22. Trench Warfare

  23. Trench WarfareAll Quiet on the Western Front • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEaHnD0DIgc

  24. War IsHELL !!

  25. Sacrifices in War

  26. Americans in the Trenches

  27. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

  28. A Multi-Front War

  29. The Western Front

  30. The Battle on the Eastern Front • German & Russian Border • More mobilethan Western Front • Russiastruggled- not as industrialized, supplies blocked • One strength was numbers of soliders • War spreads to Africa, Southwest and southeast Asia

  31. Total War • All resourcesand peoplein a country are impacted- involved in some capacity • Women-take jobs formerly held by men • Resourcesare allocated to fightingthe war • Rationing takes place- people limitwhat they use

  32. French Women Factory Workers

  33. German Women Factory Workers

  34. Russian Women Soldiers

  35. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology

  36. French Renault Tank

  37. U-Boats

  38. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

  39. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

  40. The Zeppelin

  41. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  42. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  43. Section 3- War Affects the World • Gallipoli Campaign- attempt to control the Dardanells Strait- open supply lines to Russia-ends up a long deadly struggle. • Both Eastern& Westernfronts- brutal, lots of causalities • Russia –CommunistRevolution Nov 1917- Vladimir Lenin- Bolsheviks(communists) take over Czar Nicholas II and family is executed • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-end war between Germany & Russia • Now a 1 Front War -Western Front

  44. Gallipoli Campaign

  45. United States Enters the WarApril 1917

  46. Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? • America was isolationist • “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems”

  47. Which side should the US pick? Central Powers: Allies: • 11 million German-Americans • Irish-Americans hated Great Britain • Close cultural ties • Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) • Big business loaned much $ to allies US Exports to both sides:

  48. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • Britain blockaded(stopped) all German ships going to America • Germany announced a submarinewar around Britain Y-53 German Submarine 1916

  49. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • In May, 1915 Germany told Americansto stay off of British ships • They could/would sinkthem

  50. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • Lusitaniatorpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) • Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking

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