Tom Rebold, MSEE trebold@mpc.edu

1. Welcome to ENGR1A http:tomrebold.com/engr1a Tom Rebold, MSEE trebold@mpc.edu

2. Introduction to Engineering

3. AGENDA • Class Overview • Purpose and Outcomes • Introductions • History of Engineering

4. Why Engineering, in a nutshell • The world urgently needs problem solvers • You’ll be paid handsomely • Problem solving is a rush! • You can see the world, and beyond Engineers without Borders Timothy Horiuchi (above) collaborates with faculty from across disciplines to develop new engineering systems, including bat-inspired navigation devices on small, unmanned aerial vehicles. Dr Mae C Jemison

5. Course Objectives • Understand what engineering is and how it is practiced. • societal context • relationships and differences between disciplines • relationships to mathematics and the sciences • Develop and apply fundamental engineering skills. • problem solving • communications • computer skills • Support your Academic Goals. • Improve study skills • Plan coursework to align with academic and transfer goals • Gain practical design experience as part of a multidisciplinary team.

6. Class Content • Interactive Lab Activities • Design, Problem Solving, Building • Visiting speakers • Site Tours • Bridge building competition • Assignments (not too many) • 4 tests • Final Design Competition

7. Upon successful completion, you should • Know whether engineering is the right choice for you • Have a fairly clear idea which Engineering field to major in • Comprehend the changes you may need to make to be successful • Be addicted to problem solving!

8. Bio-- • Please visit the ENGR1 website: • http://tomrebold.com/engr1 • click on “Tell me about yourself” • Enter your info.

9. My Vital Statistics • Name: Tom Rebold • Born: Chicago, Illinois • Degree: Master of Science, Electrical Engineering • School: MIT • Places I have worked: • MIT Lincoln Laboratory (Research Assistant) • Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Telecom Engineer) • Antarctic Support Associates (Field Engineer) • MPC (Chair of Engineering) • Why Engineering? I love solving problems! • Why MPC? The sea lions!

10. The following slides are by my colleague Dr. Melissa Hornstein Chair of Engineering Hartnell College

11. A brief history of engineering Dr. Hornstein EGN-1 Tuesday, February 15, 2012

12. The beginnings of engineering • When engineering first began, there wereno records. • Wherever there was an invention orinnovation, engineering was required. • Thus engineering really begins with thefirst humans. • Engineering progress parallels theprogress of mankind.

13. Why study engineering history?

14. Why study engineering history? • To see the progress that we’ve made • Innovations in history helps you later on • To not repeat our mistakes • To see where you’re going you need to know where you’ve been • Engineering builds upon itself • Ideas that they had then, now we have more technology to create it right this time

15. Name the earliest engineering innovation/invention you can think of • The wheel • Fire • A cup • Bridge • Clothing • Hunting tools/weapons • Shelter/home • Boat • Dams • Roads

16. 10,000 B.C.: Spear thrower Mechanical engineering • The spear thrower effectively lengthens the arm and gives a greater force to the thrown spear. • Why?

17. 10,000 B.C.: Domestication and early agriculture Genetic/agricultural engineering

18. 10,000 B.C.: Domestication and early agriculture Genetic/agricultural engineering vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. Read more about this!

19. Ancient civilizations maps & timeline

20. Mesopotamia: Sumeria, Babylonia, Assyria, etc. (5,000 B.C.) Tigris river Euphrates river

21. 6,000 B.C.: Scratch plow Mechanical engineering • Allowed societies to feed themselves and increase in population. • Agricultural surplus created because the scratch plow brought greater acreage into production than could havebeen farmed by humans alone. • Surplus supported craftspeople, carpenters, potters, musicians, bakers, and administrators.

22. 6,000 B.C.: Yoke Mechanical engineering • The yoke had to be developed before theplow could effectively be pulled by oxen.

23. 5,000 B.C.: Loom • There were not enough animal skins to clothe the increased population so a newmaterial was created:cloth. • Fiber was either animal hair such aswool or a vegetablefiber such as flax(which is woven intolinen).

24. 000 B.C.: The Bronze Age Material3engineering • Bronze is made from copper and tin. • Bronze has a lower melting point than copper, and thus can bemore easily worked, but is harder than copper.

25. How was the wheel invented?

26. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Roller 1 Stage one. People placed rollers beneath heavyobjects so that they could be moved easily.

27. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Sledge 2 Stage two. Runners placed under a heavy load,which they discovered would make it easier forthe load to drag  invention of the sledge.

28. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Sledge on roller 3 Stage three. Combination of the roller and thesledge. As the sledge moved forward over thefirst roller, a second roller was placed under thefront end to carry the load when it moved off the first roller.

29. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Sledge on roller, which has Question: Whydo the groovesallow you to goa further become grooved with use 4 distance? Stage four. People discovered that the rollers which carried the sledge became grooved with use. They soon discovered that these deep grooves actuallyallowed the sledge to advance a greater distance before the next roller was needed to come on!

30. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Wheels and axle in one piece; the axle fixed by pegs 5 Stage five. The rollers were changed into wheels. In the process of doing so, wood between the grooves of the roller were cut away to form an axle and wooden pegswere fastened to the runners on each side of the axle.When the wheels turn, the axle turned too in the space between the pegs. The first wooden cart was thus made.

31. 3,500 B.C.: Wheeled cart Mechanicalengineering Wheels joined to axle; axle fixed into crude bearing 6 Stage six. A slight improvement was made to the cart. This time, instead of using pegs to jointhe wheels to the axle, holes for the axle weredrilled through the frame of the cart. Axle and wheels were now made separately.

32. 1,850 B.C.: Code of Hammurabi: Construction • If a builder build a house for a man and do not make its construction firm,and the house which he has builtcollapse and cause the death of theowner of the house, that builder shallbe put to death. • If it cause the death of a son of the owner of the house, they shall put to death a son of that builder. Engineering ethics • If it cause death of the slave of the owner of the house, he shall give to the owner a slave of equal value. • If it destroy property, he shall restore whatever it destroyed, and because he did not make the house which hebuilt firm and it collapsed, he shallrebuild the house which collapsed athis own expense.

33. 3,000 B.C.: Ziggurat (e.g. Tower of Babel) Civil engineering

34. Ancient Egypt (3150 B.C.)

35. 3,300 B.C.: Irrigation, dykes, canals, drainage systems • A great mass of people populated the narrow fertilevalley of the Nile • Irrigation works were needed tomaintain the large population and exploit the skill of agriculture Desert Civil/agriculturalengineering

36. 2980 B.C.: Pyramids Civil engineering This is actually sixstacked Mastabas! 200 481 ft. Zoser’s Step Pyramidat Saqqara (2610 B.C.) Great Pyramid of Giza(2560 B.C.) Mastaba Precise and exacting engineeringstandards: Set with joints measuring one ten-thousandth of an inch wide!

37. Building the pyramids Civil engineering • Surveying and excavation - Choosing a suitable site, orienting it and preparing the foundation • Obtaining building materials Question: Whydidn’t they usecarts? - Quarrying rocks or making huge stones • Transporting building materials - Transporting from the quarrying site to the pyramid • Workforce logistics - Finding skilled workers, feeding them and housing them

38. Ancient Greece (600 B.C.)

39. 1,500 B.C.: Minoan ships • Ancient Greece was made up of a bunch of islands. • In order to get around,they became a sea-faring people. Mechanicalengineering • They built boats. • They also needed a place to park them.

40. 1,200 B.C.: Iron age Materials engineering • Bronze is an alloy which consists mostly of copper and also contains tin. (Bronze age began 3300 B.C.). • A shortage of tin forced people to seek an alternative to bronze. • While bronze is harder, iron is more common than bronze. • Bronze is easier to get out of its ore than iron (melting point of 1000 ° C). • Iron does not melt at the temperatures that can be reached in a primitive furnace (1600 ° C). • Once we got good at making bronze, it was easier for us to extract iron.

41. 400 B.C.: Artificial harbor Civil/ocean engineering • The Greeks built a breakwater, an artificial harbor,to protect the ships from waves. • 400 yards long and 120 feet deep!

42. 300 B.C.: First lighthouse in the world • Navigational aid Civilengineering • So the ships don’t get lost or wrecked on the rocks• Seven wonders of the world!

43. 500 B.C.: Tunnel of Eupalinos (aqueduct) Constructed from both ends.limestone.• Engineer Eupalinos from Megara dug a tunnel through a mountain to tosupply the ancient capitalof Samos with fresh water. • This was of utmost Civil engineering defensive importance, asthe aqueduct ran underground it was not easily found by an enemy 3,300 ft (0.625 miles) long! who could otherwise cutoff the water supply.

44. 400 B.C.: Crossbow and catapult Mechanical engineering

45. 250 B.C.: Archimedes screw pump • A machine used to raise water. • Can be run continuously. • Still used today. - Used in sewage treatmentplants. Mechanical engineering

46. Ancient Rome (500 B.C.)

47. 300 B.C.: Water wheel Mechanical engineering • A energy of free-flowing or falling water into usefulforms of power. • Wheels were typically used to grind grain or saw wood.

48. 500 B.C.: Roads Civilengineering • A deep subbase of stone followed by a compact base • This method of construction allowed for slow wear, drainage of water, and no heaving of the road in coldweather. • 18,000 miles of roadway from Turkey to Great Britain• Military, communication, and central government

49. Architecture: Roman arches Civil engineering Colosseum, 72 A.D. Alcantara bridge built 98 A.D., still Aqueduct in use today!

50. 100 B.C.: Roller bearing • A bearing is a device to allowconstrained relative motion between two or more parts, typically rotation or linearmovement. • Remember that wheeled cart? A roller bearing can supportthe rotating axle to the frame.