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Introductory Questions & Daily Homework Assignments

Introductory Questions & Daily Homework Assignments. Unit #3: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetics (Ch. 12-15). Introductory Questions. Introductory Questions #1. 1) How much DNA does a typical human cell have? How are chromosomes differ from chromatin?

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Introductory Questions & Daily Homework Assignments

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  1. Introductory Questions & Daily Homework Assignments Unit #3: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetics (Ch. 12-15)

  2. Introductory Questions

  3. Introductory Questions #1 1) How much DNA does a typical human cell have? How are chromosomes differ from chromatin? 2) How is a somatic cell different from a gamete? 3) How is every species different in regards to their chromosomes? 4) Name the main stages of the cell cycle. (pg. 221) 5) What are the four stages of mitosis? Which stage is the longest and which stage is the shortest? 6) Give three specific events that occur during prophase. How is Prometaphase different from prophase? 7) How are plant cell different from animal cells when they divide?

  4. Introductory Questions #2 • What are the three checkpoints of the cell cycle that regulates mitosis? Which one is considered the “restriction point”? Why this checkpoint and not the others? • Name the two protein molecules that are high in concentration during the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle. Name the complex that it forms. • Why are telomeres considered to be a “mitotic clock”? DO telomeres contain genes? What does telomerase do? (see pgs 306-307 in Ch. 16) • How are tumor suppressor genes different from an oncogenes? How is a proto-oncogene different from an oncogene? What kind of a protein does the RAS gene produce? • What is the difference between a malignant tumor and a benign tumor? • When looking at the hypothetical sequence of how mitosis may have evolved how is the process different in a bacteria and diatom from a plant and animal cell?

  5. Introductory Questions #3 How is a totipotent stem cell different from a pluripotent stem cell? See pgs. 415-418 (Ch. 21) Which phase is used to obtain pictures of chromosomes in order to generate a karyotype Give five differences between Mitosis and Meiosis. Name three factors in Meiosis & reproduction that contributes in increasing genetic variability within a population. What is a polar body? How is oogenesis different from spematogenesis? How is a sporophyte different from a gametophyte? What do they produce and what process is involved, mitosis or meiosis? What is a tetrad? Which phase of Meiosis does crossing over occur?

  6. Introductory Questions #4 Traits: Flower Position: Axial & terminal Seed Color: Yellow & green Height: Tall & short 1) Monohybrid cross: Two hybrid plants are tall. How many of the offspring would you predict will be short if there were 400 produced? 2) Dihybrid cross: Two hybrid plants with yellow seeds and axial flowers are crossed. How many of the offspring would you predict will have axial flowers with green seeds if 3750 are produced? 3) Trihybrid cross: Both parents are heterozygous for all three traits. How many will be tall with terminal flowers and yellow seeds if 250 are produced?

  7. Introductory Questions #5 A Monohybrid cross and Dihybrid cross always produces Phenotypic rations of 3:1 and 9:3:3:1. What phenotypic ratio will produced from a trihybrid cross? Solve this trihybrid cross with Pea plants Traits: Seed color, seed shape, height Male Heterozygous all traits Female Heterozygous yellow and tall plant w/ wrinkled seeds How many offspring out of 500 would you predict will be Tall with wrinkled, yellow seeds? How many offspring of the 500 will have green seeds that are round and tall?

  8. Introductory Questions #6 How is co-dominance different from Incomplete dominance? Give an example of both. Give an example of polygenic inheritance. Name three autosomal disorders that are dominant and three that are recessive. (see table) Briefly explain what epistasis is. Do the phenotypic ratios follow the 9:3:3:1 we ususally see in a dihybrid cross? Name the person who determined that genetic traits can be linked and inherited together? What does it mean when traits are sex linked? Give an example of a human sex linked trait. How can linked traits be separated? What is a two point test cross? Why would you use one?

  9. Introductory Questions #7 A female heterozygous for Seed shape and color is crossed with a male that is heterozygous for seed shape but homozygous recessive for seed color. How many offspring would you predict (expect) to be yellow and wrinkled if 500 were produced? If only 50 offspring were yellow and wrinkled how can you tell if your results were only due to chance? What statistical test could you do in order to determine if there’s a significant difference between what you actually got (50) vs. what you expected? (Round your answers up on this one. Here are the observed results of all 500 plants. 201 round & yellow 204 round & green 45 wrinkled and green 50 wrinkled & yellow

  10. IQ #7 - Answers **The Genetic Cross: RrYy x Rryy How many will be yellow and wrinkled? (500) Poss. genotypes: Yyrr = 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/8 Answer: 1/8 x 500 = 62.5 are expected to be yellow, green Do a chi-squared test Chi-Square value: ???? Expected Values for each phenotype: 187.5,187.5, 62.5, 62.5 Chi-squared value: Critical value from table (in lab) 7.82 (0.05 or 95%)

  11. IQ#7: Question #2 (cont’d) Expected (calculated Values) Expect. ValueObs. value wrinkled & green 62.5 45 Round & yellow 187.5 201 Round & green 187.5 204 Wrinkled & Yellow 62.5 50

  12. Answers to #7 2 = (O – E)2 E 2 = (45 – 62.5)2 + (201-187.5)2 +(204 – 187.5)2 + (50-62.5)2 = 9.824 62.5 187.5 187.5 62.5 2 = 4.9 + 0.972 + 1.452 + 2.5 = 9.824 Critical Value: 4 groups = 3 degrees of freedom= 7.81 9.824 isgreater than 7.81 therefore we reject the null hypothesis What does this mean?

  13. Introductory Questions #8 When gene loci are close in proximity (linked) on the chromosome, will you see more or less recombinants possessing these traits? What happens when non-disjunction occurs during meiosis? What is the result of this error? (see pg. 285) Name the four types of chromosomal mutations that lead to genetic disorders. Which two are most likely to occur during meiosis? (pg. 287) The “cri du chat” syndrome is caused by which of the four chromosome abnormalities? Which chromosome number is affected?

  14. Homework Mon. 10/15 -Read Chap. 12 (sect. 12.1-12.2) – Pgs. 218-228 -Print out Study Guide for Ch. 12-15 (optional) -Print out power point Pres. For Ch. 12 (optional)

  15. Homework Tues. 10/16 I. Lab Extension Investigation write up: -Research Question -Hypothesis (w/reasoning) -Variables (dependent/independent) <or> expt. Group vs. Control group -Variables you need to control II. Review/Read Chap. 12 (sect. 12.1-12.2) -Pgs. 218-228 III. Do IQ #1 (work on study guide for Ch. 12) **Reading Quiz tomorrow**

  16. Homework Wed. 10/17 I. Lab Extension Investigation write up: -Review your RQ, Hypoth, Variables, & Controls -Make a list of Materials you’ll need (be specific) -Write a general procedure (noting the controls) -Design a Data table for collecting data DUE: Mon. 10/22 II. Review/Read Chap. 12 (sect. 12.3) III. Do IQ #2 (work on study guide for Ch. 12)

  17. Homework Thurs. 10/18 • Go to the Annenberg website and watch the video and finish watching the “Cell Biology & Cancer” at: • http://www.learner.org/resources/series187.html • -Scroll down & Find “ Session 8: Cell Biology & Cancer-Click on “VoD” and watch • **Be sure to have your 10 Key statements written along with • all questions answered. • You will turn into the Substitute tomorrow.

  18. Homework Fri. 10/19 I. Lab Extension Investigation write up: -Review your RQ, Hypoth, Variables, & Controls -Make a list of Materials you’ll need (be specific) -Write a general procedure (noting the controls) -Design a Data table for collecting data DUE: Mon. 10/22 II. Do the FOUR Activities from the textbook website for Concepts 12.1 - 12.3 and the Investigation. Overview - Activity: Roles of Cell Division Concept 12.1 Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells Concept 12.2 The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle Activity: The Cell Cycle Activity: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Animation Activity: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Video Investigation: How Much Time Do Cells Spend in Each Phase of Mitosis? Concept 12.3 The cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system Activity: Causes of Cancer

  19. Homework Mon. 10/22 • Lab #4 – Go to the Online website: Lab Bench • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/ • -Do Questions #1-19 • -Printout the Quiz and attach. • II. Read Pgs. 228-233 (sect. 12.3) & Pg. 370-374 (19.3) • III. IQ #2-answer all the questions

  20. Homework Tues. 10/23 • Finish Online Pre-Lab for Mitosis & Meiosis • **Be sure to printout the Self Quiz for Meiosis (6 quest.) • Do the Activity Quiz & Chapter Quiz for Ch. 12 – Submit both by midnight tonight.

  21. Homework Wed. 10/24 • Read Chapter 13 (Sect. 13.1-13.2) – possible reading quiz on Thurs. • Students that were not present for the essay prompts will have to come in during a lunch period, 6th period, or after school and make up the prompts (20 min. per prompt) on Thursday & Friday. • Work on the Study Guide for Chapter 13. (optional) • -Answer the interactive Questions • -Answer the Multiple choice questions

  22. Homework Thurs. 10/25 • Do the Activity Quiz & Chap. Quiz for Chapter 13 • -Submit by midnight tonight • Work on your Lab Extension Investigation • -Be sure that your procedure is allowing you to obtain good data. • -Have some data written into your data table **Must turn in some preliminary data by Mon. 10/29

  23. Homework Fri. 10/26 • Finish Lab #4 - Drawings and labeling your images and drawing. A minimum of two phases shown in Mitosis & interphase. Labels include: • -chromosomes, spindle apparatus, cell membrane, -chromatin fibers, nuclear membrane • **Answer the FIVE Analysis Questions on a Separate sheet of paper. • Read Ch. 14 (14.1-14.2) “Mendelian Genetics” • **Option: work on the study guide questions for Ch. 14 • (pgs. 251-260) • III. Continue to work on your Lab Extension Investigation • -Be sure that your procedure is allowing you to obtain good data. • -Have some data written into your data table **Must turn in some preliminary data by Mon. 10/29

  24. Homework Mon. 10/29 • Finish Lab #4 - Drawings and labeling your images and drawing. A minimum of two phases shown in Mitosis & interphase. Labels include: • -chromosomes, spindle apparatus, cell membrane, -chromatin fibers, nuclear membrane • **Answer the FIVE Analysis Questions on a Separate sheet of paper. DUE Tomorrow • Read Ch. 14 (14.1-14.2) “Mendelian Genetics” • **Option: work on the study guide questions for Ch. 14 • (pgs. 251-260) • III. Do IQ #4 **LAB EXTENSION INVESTIGATION All Data collected by Wed. Nov. 7th

  25. Homework Tues. 10/30 • I. Do Genetic problems #1-4 on A Separate sheet of • paper. BE sure to show all work for full credit. • II. Finish IQ #5 • Continue work on your Lab Extension. I will be • available tomorrow & Friday during 6th period & • after school. **LAB EXTENSION INVESTIGATION All Data collected by Wed. Nov. 7th

  26. Homework Wed. 10/31 • I. Continue working on Genetic problems #5 - 8 on a Separate sheet of paper. BE sure to show all work for full credit. • II. Go to the Textbook website and do the FOUR activitiesfor concepts 14.1 - 14.3

  27. Homework Thurs. 11/1 • I. Finish working on Genetic problems #9 - 14 on a Separate sheet of paper. BE sure to show all work for full credit. • II. Do the Online Activity Quiz & Chap. Quiz for • Chapter 14. Submit your answers. • III. Prepare/review for Formal quiz #2 • (35 Quest.) on Ch. 12 – 14.

  28. Homework Fri. 11/2 • I. Go to My Big Campus and use the KEY to grade/correct your answers to the Genetic Problems (#1-14) – Use a RED PEN for your corrections • II. Read Chapter 15 “Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance” Sect. 15.1-15.2 (pgs. 274-281) • III. Work on the Study Guide for Chapter 15 • (optional)

  29. Homework Mon. 11/5 • Do the Pre-Lab for “Genetics of Drosophila” • -Printout & Attach the quiz to your pre-Lab. Go to this website & choose “Lab 7” • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/ • II. Review Chapter 15 “Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance” Sect. 15.1-15.2 (pgs. 274-281) • **Reading Quiz Tomorrow** • III. Continue working on the Study Guide for Chapter 15 • (optional)

  30. Homework Tues. 11/6 • Complete Lab #5-Naswer all the questions and show your work for the Chi-square analysis • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/ • II. Read Chapter 15 Sect. 15.2-15.4 (pgs. 282-288) • **Reading Quiz Tomorrow** • III. Continue working on the Study Guide for Chapter 15 • (optional)

  31. Homework Wed. 11/7 • Do the Activity Quiz and the Chapter Quiz for Ch. 15 online and submit your answers. • II. Complete Chapter 15 Study Guide (optional) • III. Begin Analyzing your data for your Lab Extension • **I will be here until 4:30 for you to collect data**

  32. Homework Thurs. 11/8 • Do the Cumulative Test for Ch. 12-15for Ch. 15 online and submit your answers and print out your results. (Attach to your Assignment Packet) • II. Use the Key for Chapter 15 Study Guide and correct your answers. (optional) – Go to My big campus website or the Troy High Website (find my webpage) • III. Review All IQ’s, Labs, and Videos from this unit.

  33. Assignment Packet – Ch. 12-15 • Cover Sheet: Name, Period, & Chapters • Pre-Lab – Mitosis & Meiosis • Pre-Lab – Genetics of Drosophila • Cancer Video Notes (stream online @ home) • Video “Generations” (w/sub) • Genetic Problems (x14) –ALL WORK SHOWN • IQ’s (x8) • Cumulative Test Online Textbook site-Printout results (40 Quest. For Ch. 12-15)

  34. Breakdown of Test #2 (Ch. 12-15) “Genetics” • Chapter 12 Mitosis (CdK, Cyclin, & Cancer)8 Quest. • Chapter 13 Meiosis 12 Quest. • Chapter 14 Mendelian Genetics 21 Quest. • Chapter 15 Chromosome Theory 16 Quest. • Labs: 6 Quest. • Mitosis& Meiosis • Genetics of Drosophila (3) • Cumulative Questions: 12 Quest. • Cell Membrane • DNA • Solutions & Osmosis • Cell respiration & Electron flow • Cell organelles • Properties of water • Glycolysis ------Krebs Total Questions 75 Questions

  35. Table of Disorders Name Chromosome Cellular effect Overall involvement or (#) Phenotypic Result _______________________________________________________________________________ Down Syndrome Auto (47) Many Kleinfelter’s Syndrome Sex (47) Turner’s Syndrome Sex (45) Cri du Chat Auto/Deletion #5 Fragile X Auto & Sex Phenylketonuria (PKU) Auto rec. Enzyme def. Alkaptonuria Auto rec. Enzyme def. Sickle Cell Anemia Auto rec. Hemoglobin Struct. Cystic Fibrosis Auto rec. Tay Sachs Auto rec. Huntington’s Disorder Auto Dom. Achondroplasia Auto Dom. Albinism Auto rec. Color Blindness Sex-linked Muscular Dystrophy Sex-linked Hemophlia Sex-linked Alzheimer’s Auto Dom. Hypercholesterolemia Auto Dom.

  36. Lab Extension Timeline/Due Dates • Research Question (clear focused) Hypothesis (predictive statement) Variables (independent & dependent) ID all controls for your investigation. -DUE: Wed. 10/17 (before I leave) 2. Materials/Equipment of Lab set up Sample data table (w/title, units, uncertainty) Well thought out Procedure. -DUE: Mon. 10/22 3. Trial runs of your experiment (preliminary data) -DUE: Thurs. 10/25 (class avail. Mon. & Wed. until 4:30) ****Extended to Monday 10/29*** 4. Collect data for Multiple Trials (min. 5) **All Data collected by Wed. Nov. 7th • Analysis & Conclusion of Data (Full Report) – DUE: Wed. Nov. 14th **You will have to turn in TWO copies of your report on Nov. 14th. **One with IB student’s name only & the other with Both Names

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