Lecture 1: Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-1) Application of the wood • (1-2 ) Introduction of wood • (1-3) The special specifications of wood • (1-4)Types of wooden trees • (1-5)Growth of wood • (1-6)The wood structure • (1-7)Cutting of wood • (1-8)Seasoning, drying and shrinking • (1-9)Wood defects • (1-10)Wood grading • (1-11)Types of wood • (1-12)Preservatives • (1-13)Theways of joints (1-14) The carpenter tools (1-15)Measurements of wooden sedations (1-16)Types of the wooden floors Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Application of the wood Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-2)introduction of wood construction The wood is coming from trees which is the oldest construction materials The name of this wood is (timber) There are some reasons to use wood in construction 1-its weight is suitable for its hardness 2-its cost is cheap 3- its resistance for weather factors is high after the treatment of moister The Cellular Structure of Wood Courtesy of USDA Forest Service,Forest Products Laboratory Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-3)The special specifications of wood 1-light 2-easy to cutting forming working ,joint and collecting 3-sound insulation and thermal insulation 4-its durability and strength is good 5-the temperature degree of fire is 350 for timber 6-it is cheap in in countries which has jungkals of trees Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-4)Types of wooden trees 1-Trees of soft wood its leaves are evergreen like :coniferous trees (fir –pine) 2-trees of hard wood Its leaves are big width and down in fall semester (deciduous trees) Its fibers are long (1-5)Growth of wood The wood grow in the horizontal direction by rings Dark rings for summer rings White rings for spring rings The rays link between pith to rings Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-5)Growth of wood The wood grow in the horizontal direction by rings Dark rings for summer rings White rings for spring rings The rays link between pith to rings Wedge-shaped segment cut from a five-year-old stem pf hardwood, showing the principal structural features Diagram of a log of wood, cut to show cross, radial, and tangential sections. C. Cross section. R. Radial section. T. Tangential section. S. Sapwood. H. Heartwood. A. Annual ring. Sm. Summer-wood. Sp. Springwood. . The living tree (drawing by John Dives). Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-6)The wood structure • The companies of dry wood • 1-60 % cellulose • 2-28%lageni • 3-12%sugar materials and other • materials Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

At factory By a mechanical tools (1-7)Cutting of wood Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Cutting of wood • the main source of wood in (USA –Canada-Australa) • The cutting of wood is (manual by Axe –Mechanical by hand sewing or sewing machine) • It trans to factory of wood to drying and cutting Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Types of wood cutting • 1-slab sawing in this way the wood cut by parallel way as (slabs) • 2-rift sawing in this way the wood cut by diagonal way as (plates) • 3-tangential sawing in this way the wood cut by tangential way as (plates) • 4- radial sawing in this way the wood cut to the center of tree • This way used in (furniture –interior design) • 5-vener sawing this way used to get the veneer of tree and there are two way • -sawing • -rotary in this way the peeled is doing by knife • -Slicing Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-8)Seasoning, drying and shrinking The main goal of seasoning is decreasing the water contain and After that the specification of wood are more better because Its curve is less The shape is different speck is high Its resistance for Steps of seasoning 1-cutting 2-the logs of trees put in water paths in order to replacing the space by water 3-cutting as plates (the water contain is evaporating) there is a big problem after this step (warp) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

The ways of seasoning Air drying The wood cut and put as arrow under shade The wood beams must put under the cutting wood in order to ventilation The soft wood takes (1-2)years The hard wood takes (10) years The moisture content is (10 % -20 %) Kiln drying The wood put in the timber kiln as horizontal rows over the wood beams this way is very fast Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

drying and shrinking causes another problem, though, when we attempt to dry out a freshly cut log. Because the wood loses moisture from the outside of the log first, the outer portion will dry before the center. The result: tensions are created as some parts of the log shrink and try to pull away from other parts. Unless the drying is done very gently and slowly, the wood just cracks apart. (Even then, splits and cracks will occur unless the original round shape of the log is altered in some way by cutting. problem after this step (warp) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Process of wood fabrication Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-9)Wood defects A-natural defects -knots the main source of it the connection between branches and legs -Checks the main source of it when the fibers are separate -Splits it happens when the fibers are separate from the ends of tree -Shakes it happens when there is longitudinal separation -Wave it happens when there are wood over the edge of wooden mass -White speck and honey comb the main sources is funguses before cutting -Twisting the surface of wood is not planed in horizontal direction -Crooking the small surface is crooking from (edges to core) -Bowing the long surface is bowing from (edges to core) Structure defects Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Cutting and shrinkage. • A. 'Through and through' cut. • B. Shrinkage in a plain-sawn log. • C. Quarter sawing, one method. • D. Quarter sawing, the usual method • E. Relative shrinkage in slash-sawn and quarter-sawn boards; the shaded part indicates the amount of shrinkage. • F. Star-shakes. • G. End splits. Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

التسويس Termites This case happens by termites (subterranean termites) التحلل Dissolve This case happens by bacteria ,fungi's and moisture The ability of firing all wood can fire if it has not any treatment التمدد والانكماش shrinkage and swelling The main cause (moisture –heating) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-10)Wood grading • There are two ways to grading the wood • A-Visual grading • This way used to explaining (knots- shakes-waves) • This grading has two levels (general structures-special structure) • B-Machine grading • The wood test in the special laboratory to check of its stiffness by measuring the deflection Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-11)Types of wood A- soft wood B- hard wood C- fabricated wood Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Types of wood • A- soft wood • This wood used in carpentry work because it is easy to work and its rentance is high • (a-1)white pine • It is cheap to work and form • Its thickness • 1\2 inch (paper) • 3\4 inch (pandik) • 1 inch (latozaner) • 2 inch (ponti) • There are different measurements: • -shore post and its radius 2 inch 3 inch 4inch • -purlins which it has different dimensions • 2 x2inch • 3x3inch • 4x4 inch • Half purlins its sections equals halaf dimension • Joists its sections are rectangles 2 inch x 3inch or 2 inch x 4inch • Bagdadly its thickness (0,8-1)cm and its width (1.5 cm -4 cm Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(a-2) yellow pine • it has another name (swadi) because its country is swadi • The dimensions of it changes between : • Clear plates 9 inch width and thickness (3/4 inch -4 inch) • Clear plates 8 inch width and thickness (1 inch -3 inch) • Clear plates(7 inch-6 inch) width and thickness (1 inch -2.5inch) • Clear plates (4.5inch-5.5 inch) width and thickness (1.5 inch -2 inch) • Clear plates (4inch-6 inch) width and thickness (2 inch) • Clear plates 4 inch width and thickness (1 inch) • Clear plates 4.5inch width and thickness (1.5 inch) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(a-3) red pine • its shape is beautiful like • Pitch pine • Douglas fir • Cedar • Spruce fir Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

B- hard wood • The density of these wood is big • So it used in furniture, door, windows ,floors and stairs • Oak it has a beautiful shape and has different types (white –American -Africa) • Mahogany it has a special color (dark brown)near to red • Beach its color is brown • Teak its color is brown but it has natural lines and its renstance of weather is high • Ash its color is brown but it is difficult to cut it • Rose wood its color is brown and has rose shape in it • Walnut its color is brown but it has there types (gray –dark-near to dark) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

C- fabricated wood • 1-Plywood • this type consist of several layers of (oak or beech or walnut) • It takes (3 -7) layers and joint them by (gazline- albumen ) – • It has two types • Interior plywood it use in the building because its renascent for moisture is weak • Exterior plywood it use to cover the building faces • The stander measurement (1.22 mx2.44m)and the thickness (3m.m -4m.m-----12 mm) • It is easy to curving it • Walnut : its color is brown and it has a special texture • Third manufactured wood Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Plywood • It consists of some layers and the layers arrange by penucailer way • This layers fixed by albumen and compress • Types of plywood • Interior plywood • It use indoor because its ability is not enough for high moisture • Exterior plywood • It use outdoor ,cover the faces of buildings • Plywood applications • Plywood is used in any application that needs high quality wooden sheet material. High quality in this context means resistance to cracking, breaking, shrinkage, twisting and warping. Plywood is also used as an engineering material for stressed-skin applications . Also, Plywood has been used in this fashion for marine and aviation application Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

2-Batten board The way of fabrication depend on jointing the peaces of wood (its width 3 inch)but the thickness is variables After that ,covering with two sheets of wood (plywood)and perks than by high pressure 3-Pressed wood This type look like the batter board but it fabricate in carpenter workshop and press by manual pressure 4-Particle board It is a sheet ,the main source of it of natural wood or any selslazed materials This materials mix with chemical and press under high pressure and high temperature Its dimensions :3.66m x1.22mx (8mm 32mm) It covers with plywood or melamine or Formica Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Batten board Glued laminated timber Particle board Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

5-Silotex hard board : It fabricate from the mixer of papers and fiber wood After that press under high temperature 6-Glued laminated timber This type consist of four or five layers and its thickness is not more 2 inch The(adhesive)is the joining materials This type use to fabricate the long beam to cover the big span Its dimensions 1.2m x2.4mx (3 mm-6mm) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

TYPES OF PRODUCTION WOOD Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

THE CLASSIFCATION OF WOOD HARDNESS Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-12)Preservatives 1- creosote and petroleum solutions 2-phenolic sesame solutions The ideal way to preserve the wood (brushing –dipping) Types of preservation wood -pentachioraphenal pressure treated -kp resim impregnated wood Wood fire resistive treatment Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-13)The ways of joints Wood work Carpentry work It used in temporary carpentry (forms of concrete-wooden structure-trusses) The special tools are (screws-clamps) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Joinery work This way used in furniture ,doors and windows The special way of connection (wood joints ) Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Wood joining -nails -Screws -Bolts and nuts Metal connectors Wood joints adhesives Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-14)The carpenter tools • -Gross cut saw • -Hammer • -Pincer • -File - • -Try sour • Wood tools • –jack plane • -Rebate plane • -Breast drill • -Dovetail saw Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

(1-15)Measurements of wooden sedations Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Standard size Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

PLANK floor (1-16)types of the wooden floors Building Technology (AE122) Level 2 Lecture 1:Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors

Lecture 1: Wooden construction materials and types of wooden floors