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Technological Changes in WWI

Technological Changes in WWI. How does the nature of warfare change as a result of new technology?. Objective:. SWBAT determine how technological advancements affected the nature of WWI & evaluate the effectiveness of Woodrow Wilson’s leadership during and immediately after WWI.

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Technological Changes in WWI

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  1. Technological Changes in WWI How does the nature of warfare change as a result of new technology?

  2. Objective: • SWBAT determine how technological advancements affected the nature of WWI & evaluate the effectiveness of Woodrow Wilson’s leadership during and immediately after WWI.

  3. The Machine Gun • Fired 600 bullets/min • Stood on tripods – not mobile • More effective vs. bayonet • Thought of as weapons of mass destruction

  4. Infantry & Trench Warfare • Becomes backbone of army; had been cavalry (horse soldiers) w/ infantry as follow-up • Trench warfare made infantry charge replace the old cavalry charge • Helmets become standard issue • Need for large numbers of infantry so that at least some would remain standing

  5. Trench Warfare System

  6. Artillery • Upgraded versions of cannons • High explosive shells and shrapnel shells • Blew away human & ground, making hiding difficult French field gun

  7. Germany’s Big Bertha

  8. Mustard Gas

  9. Gas Grenades Failed attempts to save animals • Highly toxic; very effective • 3 types – chlorine, then Phosgene and Mustard, Mustard gas burns lungs, blistering agent • Mustard gas not found in nature – created to combat stalemate • Chlorine gas 1st used by Germans in battle of Ypres 1915

  10. Transportation & Communication • Railroads, truck, taxi, • Battle of Verdun – taxis from Paris transport troops • Radios/ telephones • Messengers, dogs, pigeons still used

  11. Chariots of God

  12. Tanks • Introduced by British at Battle of the Somme (1916) • Carried 1-2 people • Broke down easily, hot, • Allowed for offensive action • French Tank pictured

  13. Navy • Dreadnought: revolutionary – had rotating turret & steam combine engine - • German U-Boat: used by Germans for blockades – had torpedos I.e. “sinking of the Lusitania” • Combo of civilian and military material on ships – worth the risk? • Evidence of total war

  14. Aircraft • Zepplins (blimp-like bomber) • Aircraft used toward end of war, but did not make decisive changes in outcomes

  15. Conclusions: The nature of warfare changed in WWI in the following ways: • Larger casualty rates; infantry • Becomes more hi-tech • Increased need for communication & transportation • Chemical warfare develops • Total Warfare – attacking civilian populations (blockades prevent food shipments)

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