PRESENTATION LAYOUT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BACKGROUND 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT 4. AIM OF THE PAPER

1. DEVELOPMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE TMSIN ADVANCING THE DAFOR ROAD SAFETY IN SA, 2030 V/S 2020. TO THE 36th ANNUAL SATC , 11 JULY 2017 CSIR ICC BY DR MOHLALA SB LIMPOPO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT P O Box 898 Lebowakgomo 0737 071 680 7574 or 083 206 6803 stevem86@ymail.com / mohlalasteve1@gmail.com

2. PRESENTATION LAYOUT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BACKGROUND 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT 4. AIM OF THE PAPER 5. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 6. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

3. 1. INTRODUCTION • Focus on : • Implementation Strategy (Plan) • Management Plan • Traffic Management System (TMS) as a sub-system of a Transport System (TS) • 90%of developed Management Models as subsystems of the TMS • Formation of implementation Group (IG); • Involvement of teams of experts based on a scientific and multi-disciplinary approach and law enforcement based on QCMs to reduce of road traffic casualty rates by 50% in advancing the UNDA for Road Safety in SA, 2030 v/s 2020

4. 2. BACKGROUND Internationally • Road safety - global problems facing modern society today. • 1.2 million people are dying annually. • Since the invention of the motor vehicle more than 30 million people have been killed globally. • Traffic problem can be traced back to 1891, 126 yrs. Germany. South Africa:There is an old saying that says “ take the best from the past and to use as a foundation to build the future” (use what was good in the past to promote traffic safety in the future). We cannot just get rid of what was done by the previous authorities. We don’t need to reinvent the wheel. In this case, the problem identified is the termination of the TMS implementation as part of road traffic solution. The TMS was identified by the CSIR in the nineteen-nineties. It is generally accepted that road traffic safety is a multi-disciplinary science and as such needs to be managed by a team of experts from different institutions. SA imported the first m/v in 1897, 120 yrs. and from then the problem increased gradually. Today SA has worst road death rates in the world . Economic impact estimated between R334 billion and R487 billion. estimated cash cost is around R199 billion. This money can be better used to alleviate poverty and to aid the country development, DoT Strategy manual (2015:1). Motor vehicles provide mobility to millions of people globally and are some of the biggest manmade killers at the end of the 20th century. The increment of road traffic casualties globally forced the UN to take action and initiated the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 andmandated countries to pledge in this programmeincluding SA. But it seems as SA cannot manage to reach the deadline.

5. 2. BACKGROUND CONT. • In SA more than 15 000 people get killed annuallyandclose a million estimated be killed (1897 – 2017). Since 1910 to 1998 many ORGANIZATIONSwere established to promote road safety but they not did not well succeeded to reduce the problem. 1) 1910 – 1928 first provincial traffic safety 2)1928 – 1937 first national traffic safety committee, 3)1937 – 1939 – WW I4)1939 – 1945 – WW II, 5)1945 – 1948 – After WW II, 6) 1948 – 1960 first national traffic safety organization, 7)1960 – 1972 : National Road Safety Council (NRSC), 8) 1972 – 1994 National Road Safety Council (NRSC), 9) 1994 – 1996 Directorate Traffic Safety, 10) 1996 – 1998 Directorate Road Safety Education and Communication ( DRSEC) to Division Road Traffic Management, 11)1998 to date (2017) establishment of the RTMC still struggling to reduce road traffic casualties to the acceptable standard. It is trying but there are many challenges: population growth patterns and the impact it has on road fatalities, increasinghuman and vehicle population (55 million and 12 million) shortage of Traffic Police around 18 000. Organizational structure – fragmentation (no single traffic policing). Poor or lack of well trained human resource. Fraud and corruption in road safety. SA, A problem: In this country everyone is affected but is not everyone who is involved. STRATEGIES • 1990 – 1991: TMS: not properly implemented; • 1997 - 2010 : Arrive Alive 1-10 • 2001 - 2005 : Road to Safety extended to 2009 again to 2015 . all didn’t bear acceptable fruits • DA for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 • 2016 – 2030 in line with NDP

6. 3.PROBLEM NOT enough attention and CORRECT steps were taken to focus on implementation strategy, management plan, integration, co-ordination, involvement of teams of experts, scientific and multi-disciplinary approach of the developed road traffic management models under the TMS,monitoring and evaluation of road traffic issue in advancing the UNDA for Road Safety in SA, 2030 versus 2020 to reduce road traffic violations and road traffic casualties,as supported by, (System IV, 2004:11& 13). The termination of the TMS implementation without any clear reasons. Lack of qualified systems management researchersand non-utilization of qualified traffic practitioners in the field of traffic safety. 4. AIM To safe road users,s lives and reduce road traffic casualties and violations through the implementation of the developed road traffic management models and management plan in line with UNDA for road safety 2030 versus 2020.

7. 5. IMPLEMENTATION (STRATEGY) AND MANAGEMENT PLAN PROCESSES 5.1 Role of the TMS and 90% developed models or measures that can assist to reduce road traffic casualty rates by 50% in line with UNDA in SA, 2030 versus 2020 as demonstrated figure 1: TMS,sub-system of TS : is acollection of distinctive elements such as drivers, vehicles, pedestrians, cyclist that are mutually exclusive, that are relevant to each other and are controlled or regulated to achieve a common purpose of promoting road safety and reducing road traffic casualties and / or is a concept where different role-players work together as team in a holistic and integrated manner with the common aim to promote orderly traffic and traffic safety, (Pretorius, 1999). The UNDA for Road Safety is an international road safety programme initiated by the UN by which countries around the world including South Africa are requested to be signatory and to reduce road traffic casualties by 50% from 2011 to 2020.

8. COMPONENTS OF A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Physical component Unit component Management component Driver,Vehicle, pedestrian and Road units Road users MANAGEMENT MODEL TRAFFIC PRACTITIONER Analytical control Road sections Vehicles Disciplines Functional areas SBMM SMM DDMM BLMM IPMM EARM TSRMM AMP RAM Fig.2 Policy standpoint Legislation IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY JTTM IDDM SRMP Figure 1 demonstrates the components of the TMS, the role of the traffic practitioner, the models in the implementation management strategy source: NRSS, 2011 – 2020, (2013:18) and (TSM 1, 2004) as adapted by Mohlala S.B.

9. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. 4 disciplines : • Traffic Engineering • Traffic Education • Traffic Law Enforcement • Logistics . Monitoring and Evaluation 11 Functional Areas • Road environment • formal education • Driver training, Driver Behaviour: Irresponsible driver behaviour has been noted as the major contributor to road crashes, with distracted driving, drunken driving, over speeding and none-compliance to the rules of the road playing a major role • Legislation • Registration and licensing • Traffic information • Traffic policing • Adjudication • Emergency services • Marketing • Research, development, technology transfer and implementation

10. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. TRAFFIC PRACTITIONER: qualified traffic manager and systems management researchers, who can work with traffic engineers, educationalists, traffic law enforcers, logistical personnel such as researchers, statisticians, psychologists, town planners etc. to implement the TMS. Analytical control divided into sub-levels: • research, development, technology transfer and implementation • Collision analysis and control • Traffic and road environment analysis Policy standpoint or Policy Formulation : • Green Paper: discussion document • White Paper • Legislation : tools use by law enforcers to enforce the law Implementation strategy and management plan contributory factors fatalities – human 78, vehicle 13 and road environment 8

11. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. 5.2 Models or Measures developed under the TMS as the subsystem of the TS that are in operation in SA, not based on QCMS: QCMs: scientific statistical procedure to monitor violation rates by road traffic units in such a manner that the quality of road usage by road users can be enhanced to an acceptable standard and quality road usage to ensure that such standards are maintained” Pretorius,(1993:20). • Accident Management Model procedure (Accident management, assessment and monitoring procedure) • Speed Management Model (SMM) : contributing 60% traffic fatalities in SA. • Drunken Driving or Alcohol Management Model (DDMM or AMM): Alcohol and drugs : 50% • Seatbelt Management Model (SBMM) or Non-Wearing of Seatbelts. 5.3Developed Modelsbased on QCMs: (New but not yet implemented): • Time Space Management Model (TSMM): (Kockott,2005): to improve the safety of road user and minimize accident risks in the road environment • Pedestrian Management Model (IPMM): (Mohlala,2008): to improve and promote pedestrian safety and to reduce pedestrian casualties. Pedestrian Killings 40%, • Enhancement of Accident Reporting Model (EARM):(Röthe,2008): To enhance accident reporting in SA • Star Rating Monitoring Procedure (SRMP), Ratau,(2008): to reduce lawlessness, negative attitude of taxi drivers and owners and high level of mini-buses conflicts and killing in SA

12. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. • Assessment Model (RAM), (Kockott,(2009):To ensure that all who are involved in the promotion of road safety in S.A. need to work together to reduce potential accident risks on South African roads. • Accident Response Unit Model (ARUM), Munwana,(2009):improve the management of accident response unit • Junior Traffic Training Model) (JTTM) (Taumang,(2010): To improve and promote road safety education and training for school children • Integrated Databank and Database Model (IDDM), (Mynhardt,(2013):collection of traffic and collision information and data analyses for the aim of scientific decision-making processes supported by QCMs and system-oriented programme. • Barrier Line Management Model (BLMM) or (VMM), Mohlala, (2015):law enforcement model based on QCMor scientific approach method to monitor traffic offences violation rates and to reduce them.Barrier Line Violation, 39% To support law enforcers especially traffic police means to monitor the actions and operations of the road users on traffic violations by means of small samples on a regular basis, (Mohlala, 2015: 170). This paper suggests the implementation of all the above models in a scientific and multi-disciplinary approach in line with the five pillars of the DoA. 1) road safety management, 2) safer roads and mobility, 3) safer vehicles, 4) safer road users and 5) post-crash response to reduce casualties by 50% in 2030. The implementation of these five pillars will be coupled with the 4 disciplines and the 11 functional areas of the TMS.

13. violation challenges

14. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. 5.3Formation of an Implementation Group (IG), as a suggestion to the RTMC: the 1)formation of the IGby the RTMC and to 2) lead the IG or appoint a person nationally who will take the ownership and be the champion of the implementation process . The IG to be consist by 3)5 persons nationally (including the appointed person) and to be trained as experts or specialists. The IG to have 4) one representative from each Province, metro and local municipalities. All of them to be trained. There is a need to keep the IG small. The appointed person (owner or Champion) need to 5) possess special knowledge and skill on road traffic management strategies, scientific and multi-disciplinary approach, scientific research and analyses approach, modeling development, implementation process, activities or functions and stakeholders coordination, program monitoring and evaluation in relation to the management plan. 6) The task of the IG is to conduct traffic research, develop, implement, coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation process and the management plan. 7) All the administration functions of the IG to be managed by the RTMC as the custodian of the project or road safety and traffic safety in South Africa.

15. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. The implementation strategy, management plan, and operationalization need to be in line with the UNDA for Road Safety to reduce traffic fatalities by 50% by the year 2020 (2030 as v/s 2020). 5.4 The role of the DOT: to provide safe road infrastructure via SANRAL, conducting sector research; as well as formulating legislation and policiesand to develop NRSS to provide road safety policy and strategy direction to the RTMC. Developed the NRSS 2016 – 2030 and extended its timeframe from 2020 to 2030 in line with the National Development Plan (NDP).after realised that it cannot achieve the 50% reduction of road traffic fatalities in the year 2020, in line with the UNDA in 2016. 5.5 The role of the RTMC : established in 1998 ,TMC Act (no.20 of 1998), custodian of the project as indicated above . To ensure that there is orderly road usage and traffic safety. To promote traffic safety . To support and coordinate road traffic issues. To keep record of all accidents . To train traffic personnel. To collect road traffic information. To deal with accident investigation and recording, communication and education, infrastructure safety audits and etc. The role of the DoT and RTMC are demonstrated figure 1.

16. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. 5.6 involvement of teams of experts SAPS and Traffic Police:for orderly road usage and traffic safety 2)educationists: to equip road users with knowledge and skills to ensure quality road usage and to improve poor road use behaviour, in line with international best practice standard, 3)traffic engineers:designing of new road network, incorporation of safety features in the design of new roads, improvement of safety aspects of existing roads to avoid future problems and improvement of known hazardous locations on the road network, 4)the courts: judiciary officers (prosecutors and magistrates) for the adjudication of traffic cases, 5) qualified traffic practitioners or road traffic managers or traffic safety managers: who are professionally trained as experts or specialists. Who possess special knowledge and skills for the implementation process and management planning as discussed above and 6)road traffic researchers:who can apply a multi-disciplinary scientific, holistic, integrated and coordinated approach manner and who can apply law enforcement based on QCM to manage traffic violation (offences) rates in line with the UN decade of action (UNDA). (NB challenges on these 6 teams). NB: If we are serious about reducing road traffic fatalities in South Africa in line with the UNDA for the year 2020, the RTMC need to consider the suggestion by this paper as a possible solution

17. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT Implementation Strategy and management plan document DoT Research report RTMC: Coordination Data and information collection National Legislation and policy statements IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Provincial Incorrect action MANAGEMENT PLAN Initiation Local Negative Metro Mun ? Evaluation and ImplementationProcess Local Mun OPERATIONALISATION Positive ? Monitoring INDEPENDENT Figure 2 demonstratesthe role of the DoT and RTMC in the implementation process and the management plan . conceptualizing of the implementation process and management plan

18. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. 5.7 Operationalization: Strategy document will contain a summary of all the work done and to be done. Contain 1) management plan 2) implementation process, 3) initiation, 4) coordinate, 5) monitoring,and 6) evaluation. It will include 6) how the positive or correctand incorrector negative implementation will be managed. It will contain the 7) research report, 8) dataand information collection, 9)legislationsand 10) policy statements (direction), 11)independent and how the implementation strategy will be operated (operationalization) as all demonstrated in figure 2. This paper suggest that the IG to do the following in the management plan and implementation process 1)to collect road traffic fatality data or information from the nine Provinces , the Metros and the local municipalities as demonstrated in figure 2, 2)the collected data to be analyzed and evaluated to determine how the SA performed as from 2011 to 2017 in line with UNDA, 3) to ensure that the success and the failures are been properly recorded, and 4) to maintain the success and to bring in new strategies to address the failures.

19. 5. IMPLEMENTATION CONT. • Evaluation: The South African estimated DoA reduction Evaluationof traffic fatalities as from 2011 to 2015 only if proper reduction was to be maintained annually for the past five years. Where are we now? The South African government is targeting to reduce fatalities by 50% in 2020 (forecasted 6 983) from the 2010 figure of 13 967.

20. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Provide the basic framework for the Decade of Action for Road Safety. implement the developed road traffic models, coupled with the 4 disciplines, the 11 functional areas and the five pillars of the DoAto reduce road traffic casualties by 50% in 2030. implement traffic law enforcement based on QCMs. Encourage strong political will and commitment to reach all road users. Utilizing a systems’ based approach. The utilization of road traffic teams of experts and IG in addressing road safety issues. implementation process be undertaken by traffic safety practitioners or technologists in collaboration with researchers and in a scientific, holistic, integrated and coordinated approach to reduce traffic casualties. Government institutions to pay enough attention to the management plans and implementation strategies. Provide adequate resources such as personnel and finances. If we are serious about reducing road traffic fatalities in South Africa in line with the UNDA for the year 2020, the RTMC need to consider the suggestion by this paper as a possible solution.

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