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An evaluation of the diverse varieties of undeclared work in the UK and EU-27

An evaluation of the diverse varieties of undeclared work in the UK and EU-27. Professor Colin C Williams University of Sheffield, UK Technical Workshop on Labour Inspection and Undeclared Work, 29-30 October 2009, Budapest. Definition of undeclared work.

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An evaluation of the diverse varieties of undeclared work in the UK and EU-27

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  1. An evaluation of the diverse varieties of undeclared work in the UK and EU-27 Professor Colin C Williams University of Sheffield, UK Technical Workshop on Labour Inspection and Undeclared Work, 29-30 October 2009, Budapest

  2. Definition of undeclared work • Any paid activities that are lawful as regards their nature but not declared to the public authorities, taking into account the differences in the regulatory system of Member States (European Commission, 2007: 2)

  3. Nature of Undeclared Work in UK and EU-27 • Conventional view: low-paid undeclared waged employment conducted under exploitative working conditions by marginalised groups out of economic necessity as a last resort • Begun to unravel diversity of undeclared work: • Waged employment vs. self-employment • Diverse forms of undeclared waged employment • Envelope wages • Diverse forms of undeclared self-employment • Hidden enterprise culture • Paid favours

  4. Configuration of undeclared work

  5. Spatial variations in the nature of undeclared work • UDW has different meanings in different places. • Waged employment: greater proportion is waged work in southern Europe and East-Central Europe • Higher proportion is self-employment in Continental Europe & Nordic nations • More likely to be for kin, friends and neighbours in Nordic & Continental countries • Envelope wages: heavily concentrated in East-Central Europe

  6. Participation rates in undeclared and under-declared work: by EU region

  7. Regional Variations in the nature of UDW: EU-27

  8. UK policy measures: return/cost ratios

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