英文論文寫作中避免瓢竊與編修

英文論文寫作中避免瓢竊與編修 陳甫州博士台中榮民總醫院幹細胞中心

電腦軟體輔助撰寫英文論文 • 一、英文論文寫作模版 • 二、電腦輔助軟體與網站 • 三、如何避免論文瓢竊 • 四、英文論文編修

Abstract Point Title Introduction (1) (2) (3) (4) Problems; Gap Methods (1,2,3,4) Core; Key results Results Discussion (1) (2) (3) (4) Heart

The IMRaD Format • Introduction: What was the question? • Methods: How did you try to answer it? • Results: What did you find? • Discussion: What does it mean? • A format used in some journals: IRDaM • People read sections in various orders.

Population-based epidemiologic study of Wilsons disease in Taiwan (Eur. J. of Neuro. 2010, 17: 830–833 SCI: 3.692 )

Incidence & Prevalence of Wilsons disease (2000-2005)

Age- or gender- or whatever-specific incidence

Introduction • Establish Facts and Problems • Provide Previous and Current Research • Locate a Gap to Solve the problems • Describe the Present work

1. Facts and Problems • Wilsons disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by a large number of different mutations in the ATP7B gene, with resultant impairment of biliary excretion of copper. • Subsequent excessive copper accumulation in the liver, then in the brain and other tissues, produces protean clinical manifestations, including variable combinations of hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, ophthalmological and other derangements [1].

2. Mini-review • The discovery of Wilsons disease is one of the milestones in the history of neurology [6,7], and effective treatment is usually available [8]. • The onset of symptoms is rare before age 6 and usually presents before the age of 30, although it has been described in those as young as 3 years old and patients in the seventies [2–4]. • Wilsons disease can lead to a miserable prognosis if treatment is inadequate or not started in a timely manner [5]. • Few population-based epidemiologic studies of Wilsons disease have been reported [9–11].

3. Gap • Although Wilsons disease has been studied in Taiwan since the 1960s [7,12–19], population-based epidemiologic data have not been reported.

4. The present study • We have previously established the population-based epidemiological data of motor neuron diseases [20], Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and multiple sclerosis [21] in Taiwan from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). • Other studies utilizing the same database have also been published [22–26]. • In this study, we presented the epidemiology data of Wilsons disease in Taiwan during 2000–2005.

Computer Software Websites • PubMed, Google, Wikipedia, Clinicalkey,.. • Grammar Checkers (Grammarly) • Plagiarism Checkers (iThenicate) • Endnote, Dr.Eyes, iCiba, Ninja Words, Tango, Writeahead, Corpus, Antconc, …

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English Manuscript Editing • Structured format • iThenticate (summary Mode) • AntConc (terminologies, tenses, verbs) • Grammarly (issues) • Proofreading

1. Facts and Problems • Oral cancer is one of the major prevalent cancers worldwide (Jemal et al., 2011) and the main factors of oral cancer are associated with alcohol consumption, smoking, betel quid chewing, diet and poor oral hygiene (Ko et al., 1995; Maier et al., 1993; Marshall et al., 1992; McLaughlin et al., 1988; Ogden, 2005). • In Taiwan, oral cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death among males and the death rate of oral cancer had increased by 2.5 times over the last two decades. The patients with oral cancer usually have poor quality of life because of the social isolation and the physical or emotional disorder (Zain, 2001). • The conventional treatments for oral cancer are surgical removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Shah and Gil, 2009). • However, the cure rate is still unsatisfactory due to the poor response of the chemotherapy (Chen et al., 2004) and the side effects caused by common treatments. Thus, some new remedies like phytodynamic (Hopper et al., 2004) and gene therapy (Xi and Grandis, 2003) are considered as having potential for oral cancer treatment without serious side effects. In addition, various natural plants had been evaluated the potential anti-oral cancer activities and might be used as chemoprevention or alternative therapy of oral cancer. For example, the green tea extract and green tea polyphenols were shown to selectively induce apoptosis in oral carcinoma cells (Hsu et al., 2002). The antioxidants present in natural plants such as quercetin, resveratrol (ElAttar and Virji, 1999), curcumin (Elattar and Virji, 2000), kaempferol (Kang et al., 2010) and proanthocyanidin (King et al., 2007) were found to possess anti-oral cancer activity.

1. Facts and Problems • Oropharyngeal cancer is the seventh common cancer worldwide [1] while South and Southeast Asia, including Taiwan, were characterized by high incidence rates [2]. • A significant increasing trend of oral cancer was observed in males and the mortality rate of oral cancer had increased by 2.5 times over the last two decades in Taiwan [3]. The conventional treatments for oral cancer are surgical removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy [4]. • However, those treatments are still unsatisfactory due to the poor response of the chemotherapy [5], disfigurement after surgery and the serious side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To improve oral cancer treatments, novel therapeutic strategies, new drugs and alternative medicines were highly desired.

Summary Report

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Materials and Methods • The gross tumor volume on the primary site and neck (GTV-P and GTV-N, respectively) included all disease visualized on CT and / or MRI. • Clinical target volumes (CTVs) of both GTV-P and GTV-N were designed to include microscopic disease by adding up to 8-10mm to both GTVs, with smaller margins allowed near critical intracranial structures or the spinal cord (the smallest margin is 3mm). • Preventative irradiation to other high-risk areas including draining lymphatics (i.e., uninvolved neck lymph nodes) was not performed. • An additional 3mm margin was augmented to CTVs to create the planning target volume (PTV) to allow for a setup variability and internal motion.

Materials and Methods • The gross tumor volume on the primary site and neck (GTV-P and GTV-N, respectively) included all disease visualized either on CT or MRIor both CT and MRI (23). • Clinical target volumes (CTVs) of both GTV-P and GTV-N includedmicroscopic disease by adding up to 8-10mm to GTVs. • However, smaller margins around 3 mm were allowed when CTVs are near critical organs, such as brain stem or the spinal cord. High-risk areas, such asdraining lymphatics were also prevented if possible. • An additional 3mm margin was extended to CTVs to create the planning target volume (PTV) to allow for a setup variability and internal motion (24).

英文論文寫作中 避免瓢竊與編修