1 / 11

Overview

Overview. 3 empirically based cultural dimensions A cultural map of the world Pace of cultural change Relations of culture to social structure, national policies, democracy, & development. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: PROTOTYPICAL STRUCTURE. Ideal Individual / Group Relationship.

kita
Download Presentation

Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview • 3 empirically based cultural dimensions • A cultural map of the world • Pace of cultural change • Relations of culture to social structure, national policies, democracy, & development

  2. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: PROTOTYPICAL STRUCTURE Ideal Individual / Group Relationship People:role players embedded in groups Individuals inde-pendent actors

  3. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: PROTOTYPICAL STRUCTURE Ideal way to elicit productive, cooperative, activity in society Hierarchical alloca-tion roles/resources legitimate/desirable • Socialize: Others morally equal • transcend selfish interests • cooperate voluntarily

  4. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: PROTOTYPICAL STRUCTURE Regulate use of human and natural resources fit harmoniously, avoid change & self-assertion master, control, change through assertive action

  5. Data and Sources • 77 cultural groups, 74 countries, N=55,022 • Dominant cultural group: average of teachers & students in most • 45 value items with near equivalent meaning in within-country analyses • a priori items to index 7 orientations validated in culture level analysis

  6. Cultural Map of World Regions EMBEDDEDNESS HARMONY Muslim Middle East & Sub-Saharan Africa East-Central & Baltic Europe Prot/Cath EGALITARIANISM South & South East Asia East Europe Orthodox West Europe Latin America INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY Confucian English Speaking HIERARCHY AFFECTIVE AUTONOMY MASTERY

  7. Correlates of Cultural Orientations Controlling GNPpc, 50+ Countries • % GNPpc spent on health Aut, Egal, on defense Mast, Hier • Govt. accountability, antitrust enforcement, protecting investors’ rights Aut, Egal • Graft, corruption in business Emb, Hier • unemployment benefits, social security benefits Aut, Egal, Harm • #times military acts used as primary response in foreign policy crisis 1945-2001 Mast • Level of internal violence in country Mast, Hier • Competitiveness vs cooperativeness of capitalism Mast, Hier

  8. Culture Affects Political & Economic Change • Path analyses • Aut/Emb & Egal/Hier predict change in democracy ’85-’95-’02 & mediates effect of country wealth • Aut/Emb predicts change in GNIpc 1993-2004 (democracy does not) • Cultural distance influences international investment flows (e.g., 1σ Egal distance 16% drop)

  9. Change in Cultural Values • 21 countries, 36 Sample pairs • Average interval 7.1 yrs. (during 1988-99) • Countries undergoing major social change (China, Hong Kong, Poland, Hungary) • Correlations range .85 to .90 Relative Positions of Countries Change Slowly • Variance across samples unchanged on 7 orient. No sign of cultural convergence

  10. Conclusions • Cultural orientations inferred from mean values of individuals in societies have meaningful associations • World composed of cultural regions, linked by history, geography, economics, religion, etc. • Cultural value orientations influence important societal policies & practices • Slow change in basic cultural value orientations & no evidence for convergence • Cultural value orientations reciprocally cause key social structural & political features of society

More Related