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Locomotion

Locomotion. I. Adaptations. Protists – single celled organisms Pseudopod – cell cytoplasm flows into “fake foot” and organism moves Cilia short hair-like organelles cover outer surface of cell wave back and forth to move cell through water Flagellum long, hair-like organelles

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Locomotion

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  1. Locomotion

  2. I. Adaptations • Protists – single celled organisms • Pseudopod – cell cytoplasm flows into “fake foot” and organism moves • Cilia • short hair-like organelles • cover outer surface of cell • wave back and forth to move cell through water • Flagellum • long, hair-like organelles • act like whip to push/pull cell through water

  3. Pseudopod Cilia Flagella I. Adaptations

  4. II. Structure of Human • Bones • Skeleton mainly made of bones of different sizes • Hard and rigid, provide support and protection • Muscles attach to bones • Bones act as levers at joints • Produce red and white blood cells in marrow of long bones

  5. II. Structure of Human • Cartilage • Flexible, fibrous, elastic connective tissue • Birth – skeleton = cartilage then gets replaced by bone • Found at ends of ribs, between vertebrae, ends of bones, nose, ear and trachea • Cushioning and flexibility at joints • Support and pliability in nose and ears

  6. II. Structure of Human • Joints • Allow mvmt of bones where they connect • Types • Hinge – move back and forth (elbow, knee) • Ball and Socket – circular mvmt (shoulder and hip) • Pivot – half circle (neck) • Immovable – skull

  7. III. Muscles • Can contract and shorten • Types • Skeletal • voluntary and attached to bones • looks striped (striated) • contraction controlled by nervous system • operate in pairs, one extends and other flexes (tricep vs. bicep)

  8. III. Muscles • Smooth • involuntary, found in digestive organs and arteries • does NOT have stripes (striations) • Cardiac • found ONLY in heart • appears striated • involuntary

  9. Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

  10. III. Muscles • Tendons • attach muscles to bones • tough, INELASTIC cords • “Muscles TEND to be ripped from bones.” • Ligaments • connect bones together • tough, ELASTIC cords

  11. Tendon Ligament

  12. IV. Disorders • Arthritis • inflammation of joints • painful and difficult mvmt

  13. IV. Disorders • Tendonitis • inflammation of tendon where it attaches to bone • occurs commonly in athletes

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