Algeria By: Nicole Tipton SBU 3022 Multicultural Presentation

1. Algeria By: Nicole Tipton SBU 3022 Multicultural Presentation

2. Fact File

3. White- Peace Green- Hope, joy and love The color green and the red star on the Algerian flag is a traditional symbol of the state religion Islam. Algerian Flag The hand of Fatima, a traditional symbol of the region, appears in front of the Atlas Mountains, below the rising sun representing a new era. The buildings stand for industry and plants for agriculture. Emblem

4. Geographical Features • Algeria is in northern Africa • Second largest country in Africa • Desert like climate • Covered mostly by the Sahara Desert • Contemporary Algerian novelist Assia Djebar named Algeria, “a dream of sand” • Algeria is broken into 3 different regions • 1. High Plateaus • 2. Tell • 3. The Sahara • 90 percent of population lives along the fertile coastal area known as the Tell

5. Dominated by export of petroleum and natural gas. • Contributes to one-third of the country’s gross domestic product • Algeria ranks within the top countries in the world in terms of total gas reserves and export • Other industries include agriculture, construction, mining, and manufacturing. E C O N O M Y Commercial Activity The center of commercial life in Algeria is the souk, large, open-air markets where farmers and craftspeople sell their products.

6. Other forms of Industry Agriculture: Important crops are tobacco, olives, sorghum, millet, corn, rye, and rice. Some herds include cattle, goats, and sheep. Due to the climate stock and cultivating land is not well suited for the area. Mining: Extensive deposits of high grade and medium grade iron ore have been mined from this region. Manufacturing: Manufacturing in Algeria was made up primarily of food processing, textiles, cigarettes, and clothing before independence. Now the main focus is heavy industry.

7. Education • In 1977, only 42 percent of the population was literate, increased to 57 percent in 1990. • Before independence, the Algerian education system was based on the French model. • Since 1971 education was made free and mandatory for children between ages six and fifteen. • The education program stresses the study of the Arabic language as well as technical skills and math. • Three branches of secondary education: • General • Specialized • Technical/Vocational

8. Goals for teaching students from Algeria Environment—age appropriate literacy materials in English and the first language Experiences—relevant and appropriate activities with expectations children can meet Assessment—continuous observation and appropriate alternative assessment practices to document progress Collaboration with Families—maintaining open communication and interactions with parents and families Teacher’s knowledge—practices on second language acquisition; knowledge about the child’s culture

9. CELEBRATIONS U S T O M S • Ramadan- most celebrated of all holidays • Labor Day- May 1st • Anniversary of the revolution over French control November 1 • Two local festivals celebrated every spring • -Cherry moussem in Tlemcen • -Tomato moussem in Adrar • Traditional values remain strong • Man is head of family and women are expected to be obedient and provide support to husband. • Men and women have separate societies, social interactions only occur between members of same gender.

10. The Arts • Music: • Rai combines varying instrumentation with simple poetic lyrics. Popular Algerian singer of rai, Khaled, has exported music to Europe and the United States. • Wahrani is another type of music in Algeria, it blends rai with classical Algerian music • Authors: • Albert Camus- Noble Prize winner • Henri Krea- reflects his life growing up with a French father and an Algerian mother • Jean Amrouche- considered a foremost poet • Film: • The Battle of Algiers- first major postcolonial production (1965)

11. Islam Christianity • Does not believe in the Trinity, the Quran reads, “Say not “trinity”, Desist. It will be better for you. For God is One God. (4:171) • The Quran is considered the “unmediated” word of God, the Quran reads, “And this is a Book which We have sent down, bringing blessings and confirming which came before it. • No such thing as original sin. Don’t believe that one person would bear the sin of all people. Believes there is no need for salvation. • Matthew 28:19 reads, “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” • Christians believe the Bible was written by humans under divine inspiration, All Scriptureis inspired by God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness. 2 Timothy 3:16 • John 4:16 says, Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.” Islam And Christianity

12. Food • Exotic spices include saffron, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, and cinnamon • 3 foods of the Algerians • Couscous- Algerian national dish • Bread- no dish is complete without bread • Mechoui- roasted whole lamb cooked on an outdoor spit • Favorite beverage is mint tea or fruit flavored milk drinks • Mealtime costumes • All meals are leisurely and sociable (3 times a day) • Seated at a low table • Food is eaten with thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the right hand

13. Sources Algeria. In Britannica online encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15001/Algeria/46528 Camus, A. (1947). The plague. LibrairieGallimard. France. Camus, A. (1942). The stranger. Vintage Books. New York. Culture of algeria. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://everyculture.com/A-Bo/Algeria.html Food in algeria. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.foodbycountry.com/Algeria-to-France/Algeria.html Hossenally, R. Pottery. Retrieved from http://www.easyvoyage.co.uk/algeria/pottery- 96 on October 4, 2012. Islam and christianity: A comparison. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.answering- islam.org/Intro/comparison.html on October 2, 2012. Stanford, E. Culture of algeria. Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/A- Bo/Algeria.html on September 25, 2012. Study in algeria: Algeria educational system. (2012, April 08). Retrieved from http;//www.arabiancampus.com/studyinalgeria/edusys.htm