ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND INSTITUTIONS

1. West Africa Network for Capacity Building in Integrated Water Resources Management ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND INSTITUTIONS Regional Training of Trainers Workshop National Water Resources Institute, Kaduna, Nigeria 6 – 10 December 2004 J. Goldface-Irokalibe Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION • IWRM Principles: Dublin/Rio • Enabling Environment: Analytical Framework • Appropriate Institutional Roles • Management Instruments • Institutions • IWRM: Caution S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

3. IWRM PRINCIPLES: DUBLIN/RIO The “ecological principle” • Finite and vulnerable resource….. • Holistic approach • Human and natural systems…. S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

4. IWRM PRINCIPLES The “Institutional” Principle • Management at the lowest appropriate level--- • Participation by all--- • Women and vulnerable sections--- S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

5. IWRM PRINCIPLES The “Socio-economic” Principle • Social and economic aspects of water services---- • Needs of all users in a sustainable manner--- S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

6. IMPICATIONS • Mechanisms and processes of “coordination” within water and with management of “related resources” • Welfare of all • Concern for equity • Attention to demand management, environmental needs and sustainability critical S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

7. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT:ANALYSIS OF FRAMEWORK Ecosystem Sustainability Enabling Environment Institutional Roles Management Instruments Assessment Information Allocation tools Central-Local Public-Private River Basin Policies Legislation Economic Efficiency Social Equity All these depends on political will and popular awareness S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

8. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT • The INSTITUTIONAL ROLES and functions define the players who make use of the MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS • The ENABLING ENVIRONMENT sets the rules S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

9. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT GOVERNMENTS: • Formulate national water policies • Enact water resources legislation • Ensure separation of regulating and service provision functions • Encourage and regulate the private sector • Encourage dialogue with neighboring countries S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

10. APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL ROLES • First of all organizations and agencies at all levels and across sectors are participating and talking to each other HOW? • by anchoring the coordination at the highest apex level • by creating coordination bodies at the river basin level • by devolving responsibility to the lowest appropriate level • by developing human and institutional capacity S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

11. MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS • Water Resources Assessment • Data collection networks and assessment techniques • Environmental impact assessment (EIA) techniques • Risk management tools, e.g for floods and droughts • Communication And Information • Raise awareness - a”water movement” • Informed stakeholder participation S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

12. MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS Allocation and Conflict Resolution • Allocation through market instruments • Allocation based on the valuation of costs and benefits • Tools for conflict resolution: • upstream versus downstream, • section versus section, • human versus nature. S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

13. MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS Regulatory Instruments: • Direct controls • regulations, rights, standards, • land use plans, utility regulations, etc. • Economic instruments • prices, tariffs, fees, charges, markets, • subsidies, incentives, taxes, etc. • 3 basic principles • User – pays principle • Polluter pays principle • Subsidize the good, tax the bad! S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

14. INSTITUTIONS • Constitutional Arrangement • Federal • States • Local Governments • Categories S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

15. CATEGORIES • Governmental Organizations • Private Sector Organizations • International Organizations • Non Governmental Organizations • Basin Entities • CBOs • Households • Regulation • Financing • Information and Management • Capacity building • Water rights • Water planning and allocation • Water Management S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

16. STRUCTURE • Usually defined for public sector---- • Weak private sector at all levels: • Federal; State; Local. • Complexity increases at transnational level----- but IWRM applies S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

17. RBDAs:MANAGEMENT AND BOUNDARIES • Strong federal control • Basin Authority boundaries politically determined---- not hydrological boundaries • Basins shared with other nations---- (problems of international transboundary waters) S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

18. INSTITUTIONS • Inter-agency mechanisms ensure coordination and consultation • Reconcile pursuit of different water agenda • Government – civil society mechanisms boundary problems S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

19. PARTICIPATORY PROCESS • Engagement among stakeholders • Consultations and negotiations • Inter-sectoral coordination • Review and evaluation • Empower people to participate in sustainable water management S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

20. IWRM: CAUTION • Best water management strategies • Best institutional arrangements • Best enabling environment Will be meaningless if those charged with their administration and enforcement are deficient in their roles S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004

21. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING AND SEASON’S GREETINGS S07- Enabling Environment & Institutions J. Goldface-Irokalibe, 7 Dec. 2004