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Lands of Opportunity: Diabetes in the Caribbean

Lands of Opportunity: Diabetes in the Caribbean. A Case Study. Structure.  Introduction Historical Context: MRC Colonial Development Chronic Conditions and Spread of Research Interests Case Study – ERU and Diabetes Conclusion – Postcolonial History of Medicine. Introduction.

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Lands of Opportunity: Diabetes in the Caribbean

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  1. Lands of Opportunity: Diabetes in the Caribbean A Case Study

  2. Structure  Introduction • Historical Context: • MRC • Colonial Development • Chronic Conditions and Spread of Research Interests • Case Study – ERU and Diabetes • Conclusion – Postcolonial History of Medicine

  3. Introduction • Postcolonial Medicine usually approached from two different standpoints. • Today - research & (post)metropoles included. • Diabetes as medium for this inclusion. • Case study of the ERU as empirical example.

  4. Structure • Introduction  Historical Context: - MRC - Colonial Development - Chronic Conditions and Spread of Research Interests • Case Study – ERU and Diabetes • Conclusion – Postcolonial History of Medicine

  5. The Medical Research Council – A Whirlwind History 1913 – Committee to Research TB. 1920s – Structures National Policy under Fletcher. 1940s – Enlarged budget, extra weight. Great Britain – MRC est. 1913

  6. Constructive Colonialism Great Britain CMRC 1945-1962 War-time nationalism and post-war welfarism Fast-track to modernity to mutually beneficial independence Research and Universities integral Colonial University-Colleges, 1948-9 Jamaica – UWI, est. 1948 - TMRU est. 1956

  7. Chronicity:Diabetes in the Colonies CMRC and MRC Membership Shared Colonies places to expand interest Changing British epidemiology & new technologies bring new conditions of interest New interest reflected in colonial applications • Great Britain • MRC • & • CMRC

  8. Shaper, Application for Biochemical Studies, Uganda, 1959 ‘despite the known susceptibility of diabetics in Europe and America to vascular disorders, these complications are significantly uncommon in Ugandan African diabetics. The biochemical background to the absence of these changes in our diabetics may well Uganda - Makerere University College prove of significance in the understanding of their development in Western communities.’

  9. Structure • Introduction • Historical Context: • MRC • Colonial Development • Chronic Conditions and Spread of Research Interests  Case Study – ERU and Diabetes • Conclusion – Postcolonial History of Medicine

  10. Epidemiological Research Unit, Jamaica Plan for ERU orginated in Britain. Chronic disease epidemiology growing influence in the 1950s. Cardiff – ERU, Wales, 1960 Cochrane and Miall – Welsh studies. Comparisons in LDCs – Jamaica. Jamaica - Pilot Studies, 1958 - ERU est. 1962

  11. W.E. Miall, Application for Unit in Jamaica, 1959 ‘The results achieved during the first year of epidemiological work in Jamaica are so encouraging that we believe steps should be taken to exploit the opportunities for such research there and in the Caribbean generally on a larger scale.

  12. Epidemiological Research Unit, Jamaica Decolonization in 1962. Continued support. British changes minimal – either epidemiological or institutionally • Great Britain • CMRC ends 1962 • TMRB begins 1962 Unchanging discursive logic and conceptualizations. ERU valued. Jamaica - Pilot Studies, 1958 - ERU est. 1962

  13. GM Bull, TMRB Memo, 1966 ‘[though] the Epidemiological Research Unit has…been affected by the changing economy of the region…in this case, there remain many opportunities for continued and useful work. These lie primarily in a comparison of African, Indian, and other populations with the same stock living under less favourable conditions, in other tropical areas, and in studying the reasons for interesting difference in disease incidence in the Caribbean.’

  14. TMRB Diabetes Funding Poon-King et.al. study in Trinidad, 1968. Compared ‘racial’ groups in Trinidad and South Africa. Other research in Lawrence Tavern, Jamaica – in depth biochemical studies. De facto monopoly of health-care services. Trinidad – Poon King et.al. 1968

  15. Structure • Introduction • Historical Context: • MRC • Colonial Development • Chronic Conditions and Spread of Research Interests • Case Study – ERU and Diabetes  Conclusion – Postcolonial History of Medicine

  16. Postcolonial Medicine: Conclusions • May be inaccurate to extend recent findings to all biomedical engagements. • Including the post-metropole – unmistakeable material and conceptual legacy. • Restores colonial/post-colonial enterprise to centre of British history.

  17. FIN Cardiff – ERU, Wales, 1960 • Great Britain – MRC est. 1913 • CMRC 1945-1962 • TMRB est. 1962 Jamaica – TMRU, est. 1956 - ERU est. 1962 Trinidad – Poon King et.al. 1968 Study

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