INSTRUCTOR: DR MARCO VALTORTA CSCE 330 C# GROUP MEMBERS: KONSTANTINOS MALEGOS YASSER AL-MUTAIRY CHRIS HESTER UNIVERSITY

1. INSTRUCTOR: DR MARCO VALTORTA CSCE 330 C# GROUP MEMBERS: KONSTANTINOS MALEGOS YASSER AL-MUTAIRY CHRIS HESTER UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

2. THE BIRTH OF C# • C# parents are C++ and JAVA. So, C# contains many C++ features but also adds the object-oriented features from JAVA. • C# is the a hybrid language developed by Microsoft. In order to understand the basic features of the language, we must compare them with its predecessors.

3. INTERESTING CONCEPTS • To produce the first component oriented language in the C/C++ family. You can construct components that have properties, methods and events. • To create a language which everything is an object. C# bridges the gap between primitive types and classes by allowing any piece of data to be treated as object.

4. MICROSOFT.NET • MICROSOFT.NET is the new programming environment introduced by Microsoft. • It is the new way of building and deploying software that leverages standards such as HTTP and XML to make interoperability a reality. • It is not necessary for C# to use this environment but C# was especially design for this environment.

5. Common Language Runtime • The CLR serves as an execution engine for applications. • Every byte of code that you write for the framework runs in the CLR. • CLR consists of instructions written in CIL(common intermediate language-pseudo-machine language). CIL instructions are just-in-time and compiled into native machine code at run time. • A given method is compiled only once-the first time is called-and thereafter cached in memory so it can be executed again without delay.

6. COMMON CIL INSTUCTIONS • LDC-Loads a numeric constant onto the stack • LDELEM-Loads an array element onto the stack • NEWARR-Creates a new array • NEWOBJ-Creates a new object • THROW-Throws an exception

7. COMPILERS • Microsoft provides CIL compilers for Java, C++, Visual Basic, Cobol, Python, Eiffel and Jscript.You can even use the assembler ILASM to write code in CIL. • All of these languages use the same API so you can port an application from Visual Basic and C++ to C#. • Because high level code ultimately compiles to CIL, the framework lets you write a class in one language and use it or derive it from another. That is language independence!!!

8. C#API • The new .NET framework class library is a library with 7000 types,classes, structs, interfaces, enumerations. The bad news is that is like learning a new operating system. The good news is that that every languages uses the same API so you can easily switch to VB or C++.

9. SAMPLE NAMESPACES • System: core data types and auxiliary classes. • System.Net: classes that wrap protocols such as HTTP. • System.Web.Services: classes for writing Web Services. • System.Web.UI: core ASP.NET classes • System.Xml: classes for reading and writing XML data.

10. CONTINUE… • To enable construction of robust and durable software. C# includes garbage collection,structured exception handling and type safety. • It allows the use of pointers through the unsafe mode where performance is the key issue. • Supports web programming through ASP and XML.

11. CONTINUE… • C# code can be written in any text editor. The only required task is to download the compiler from the Microsoft’s Website. • It is recommended to use the graphical environment Visual Studio.NET. The advantages are that you can incorporate code from other languages like C++ and C and change it into C# code.

12. EXAMPLES OF USAGE • using System ; • //Import the WinForms Namespace • using System.Windows.Forms ; • //Class Form1 extends class Form from the //System.Windows.Forms namespace • public class Form1 : Form { • //Main Method • public static void Main() { • //Run the Application Application.Run(new Form1()); } }

13. RESULT

14. THE HELLO PROGRAM • class HelloWorld{  public static void Main()   {    System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World") ;   } } • Output will be Hello World

15. WRITE TO A FILE • public class Writetextfile{    public static void Main(string[] args)    {        FileInfo t = new FileInfo(“example.txt");        StreamWriter Tex =t.CreateText();        Tex.WriteLine(“I am writing to the file");                Tex.Write(Tex.NewLine);        Tex.close();    }}

16. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERNCES • DECLARING VARIABLES : • C#: int x; int x=3; • C++: int x; int x=3; • Java: int x; int x=3; • ASSIGNMENTS • C#: xvalue=7; • C++: xvalue=7; • Java: xvalue=7;

17. CONTINUE… • FOR LOOPS • C#: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++) • Console.WriteLine(“ The number is {0}”, i); • C++: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++) • Printf(“%d\n”,i); • JAVA: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++) • System.out.println(“The number is” +i);

18. C# VERSUS JAVA • C# and Java are both new generation languages descended from a line including C and C++. Each includes advanced features, like garbage collection, which remove some of the low level maintenance tasks from the programmer. In a lot of areas they are syntactically similar. • C# contains more primitive data types than Java , and also allows more extension to the value types. For example, C# supports 'enumerators', types which are limited to a defined set of constant variables and structs, which are user-defined value types.

19. CONTINUE… • Unlike Java, C# has the useful feature that we can overload various operators. • Like Java, C# gives up on multiple class inheritance in favor of a single inheritance model extended by the multiple inheritance of interfaces. However, polymorphism is handled in a more complicated fashion, with base class methods either 'overriding' or 'hiding' super class methods.

20. According to Microsoft the top 6 Reasons to Switch to Visual C# from Java are: • FamiliarityVisual C# provides Java developers with a language that is immediately familiar and comfortable to them, regardless of skill level. • Object-based Type SystemVisual C# provides developers with a modern and intuitive object-based type system that negates the need for complex and verbose data marshalling code commonly found in Java applications.

21. Continue… • Powerful Component-oriented DevelopmentVisual C# provides developers with a powerful component-oriented development language that includes support for properties, indexers, delegates, inheritance, versioning, and attributes, without the need for esoteric or rigid naming patterns and companion classes. • C# allows developers to use Extensible Markup Language (XML) comments to provide useful and customizable source code documentation.

22. CONTINUE… • Target Any DeviceVisual C# lets developers target powerful desktop computers and a wide variety of handheld and wireless devices today using identical tools and skills. • Leverage the .NET FrameworkVisual C# provides developers with access to the Microsoft .NET Framework, a robust, thread-safe library of collection classes, networking functionality, data access classes, and more.

23. ANY QUESTIONS?