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Congress

Congress. Review – Congress in the Constitution. Endowed with Legislative power Can check the Executive and Judicial branches Lawmaking body (including those based upon enumerated powers) Bicameral with House and Senate Members are subject to fixed terms and elections. Functions of Congress.

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Congress

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  1. Congress

  2. Review – Congress in the Constitution • Endowed with Legislative power • Can check the Executive and Judicial branches • Lawmaking body (including those based upon enumerated powers) • Bicameral with House and Senate • Members are subject to fixed terms and elections

  3. Functions of Congress • Lawmaking • Constituent Service • Representation • Oversight • Public Education • Conflict Resolution

  4. The House of Representatives • 435 members • Elected from local districts (SMD) • Two year term • Many formal rules • Limits on debate • Appropriation bills originate here

  5. The Senate • 100 members • Elected from states (2 per) • Six year term • Fewer formal rules, runs by tradition • Relatively extensive debate • Provides advice and consent to the President on treaties and appointments

  6. Incumbency

  7. Assigning Seats • Reapportionment • Redistricting • Gerrymandering

  8. Michigan 6th

  9. Illinois 4th

  10. North Carolina 12th

  11. Court Rulings • Baker v. Carr (1962) • Wesberry v. Sanders (1964)

  12. Congressional Bureaucracy • Staff • Agencies • Committees • Standing • Select • Joint • Conference

  13. Standing Committees

  14. Leadership - House • Speaker of the House • Majority Leader • Minority Leader • Whips

  15. Leadership - Senate • Vice President • President pro tempore • Majority/minority floor leaders • Majority/minority whips – keep the party membership unified • Chair of the Republican/Democratic Conference

  16. Types of legislation • Bills • Private Bill • Public Bill • Resolution • H Res • S Res • Concurrent Resolution • Joint Resolution

  17. Budgeting • 1-1.5 years prior to the fiscal year, the agency submits its request • 9-12 mo., OMB reviews and approves requests • 8-9 mo., Budget submitted to Congress • May 15, First Budget Resolution: Targets, Goals, Priorities • Oct. 1, Second Budget Resolution: Binding taxes and spending • Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 – Fiscal Year – Funds spent • GAO selectively audits agencies

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