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Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles

Department of Physics and Astronomy. Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles. REVISION LECTURE. ATOMIC SUBSTRUCTURE. 10 -18 m. Crib sheet (or what you need to know to pass the exam). The zoo of particles and their properties

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Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles

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  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy Option 212: UNIT 2Elementary Particles REVISION LECTURE

  2. ATOMIC SUBSTRUCTURE 10-18 m

  3. Crib sheet(or what you need to know to pass the exam) • The zoo of particles and their properties • Leptons (e-, m-, t-, ne , nm, nt) • Hadrons (baryons and mesons) • Their anti-particles • The conservation laws and how to apply them (energy, momentum, baryon number, lepton numbers, strangeness, charge)

  4. Crib sheet(or what you need to know to pass the exam) • Quarks and their properties • Flavours: up, down, strange, charm, top ,bottom • How to combine quarks to form baryons and mesons • For example know that proton is uud, neutron is ddu, meson is quark-antiquark • Quark spin and color • Know about the eight-fold way patterns (but not expected to recall them!)

  5. Crib sheet(or what you need to know to pass the exam) • Fundamental forces and field particles • The standard model • And from special relativity, it’s important to understand the concepts of rest mass and energy (E=m0c2), and the equations of conservation of relativistic energy and momentum, e.g. E2 = p2c2 + (m0c2)2

  6. Conservation laws, and particle properties: what I expect you to know (and what I don’t expect you to know) • Which particles are baryons, which are mesons, and which are leptons and hence when to apply the laws of baryon and lepton number conservation • The charges of baryons and leptons (easy, eg e+ p-) • That leptons have spin 1/2, baryons spin n/2 and mesons spin 0 or 1 • Focus on the most common hadrons: protons, neutrons, and pions • Which baryons are strange • I don’t expect you to remember their masses (ie for energy conservation). If required, these are on the Physical Constants sheet or will be given

  7. Quark properties: what you should know (and what you don’t need to remember) • Their general properties (ie that they have ‘spin’, ‘charge’, ‘baryon number’, and flavours like ‘strangeness’, ‘charm’, etc) • That they have baryon number 1/3 (-1/3 for anti-quarks) • That they all have magnitude of spin = 1/2 • Strange quarks have strangeness = -1 • Quark charge (up = +2/3, down & strange = -1/3) • Know that proton is uud, neutron is ddu, meson is quark-antiquark

  8. Crib sheet(or what you need to know to pass the exam) • Re-read the chapter and my lecture notes • (www.star.le.ac.uk/~mbu) • Go back through the seminar, workshop and multiple choice questions • Also revise some of the examples done in the lecture • Practise more questions from Tipler • Do the past papers

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