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I ndian N ational (Weather) SAT ellites for Agrometeorological Applications

I ndian N ational (Weather) SAT ellites for Agrometeorological Applications. Bimal K. Bhattacharya Agriculture-Terrestrial Biosphere- Hydrology Group Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad 380015, India

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I ndian N ational (Weather) SAT ellites for Agrometeorological Applications

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  1. Indian National (Weather) SATellites for Agrometeorological Applications Bimal K. Bhattacharya Agriculture-Terrestrial Biosphere- Hydrology Group Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad 380015, India Email : bkbhattacharya@sac.isro.gov.in

  2. 1999 1993 1992 2002 GEO INSAT-2E VHRR, CCD (1 KM) INSAT-2B VHRR METSAT-1 VHRR – 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV) 1990 2003 INSAT-2A VHRR INSAT-3A VHRR – 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV) CCD – 1 Km 1999 2003 INSAT-1D VHRR 1996 2005 IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT-1) OCM, MSMR LEO IRS-P6(RESOURCESAT) LISS 3 – 23.5/140 Km LISS 4 - 5.8M/ 27Km AWiFS - 55M/ 730 Km IRS-P3 WiFS, MOS X-Ray IRS-P5 (CARTOSAT-I) PAN 2.5 m stereo 1995/1997 PRESENT ... 2007 EO SYSTEM OF INDIA IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (23/70M) STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M) WiFS (188M) IRS-P7 (CARTOSAT-II) PAN 0.85 m

  3. KALPANA - 1 VHRR INSAT 3A CCD Optical band Water Vapour band Optical bands Thermal Infrared band WV-day : 8km TIR-day : 8km VIS : 2km TIR-night : 8km CCD FCC : 1km Suite of Indian geostationary Sensors

  4. Flow of INSAT 3A CCD NDVI operational product generation F C C F C C 0900 GMT 0700 GMT 0300 GMT 0400 GMT 0500 GMT SWIR DN NIR DN RED DN DEM (m) Level 1A correction MODIS ozone (Dobson) Molecular scattering (Rayleigh) Cloud masking Cloud masking Level 1B & 1C correction Mie scattering MODIS precipitable water (cm) MODIS AOD (tau550) N D V I Afternoon (>1200 hrs) Before noon (<1200 hrs)

  5. VEGETATION DYNAMICS FROM INSAT 3A CCD 25 May to 9June’08 10 June to 25 June’08 26 June to 11 July’08 12 July to 27 July’08 28 July to 12 Aug’08 16 Oct to 31Oct’08 13 Aug to 28 Aug’08 29 Aug to13 Sept’08 14 Sept to 29 Sept’08 30 Sept to 15 Oct’08 1 Nov to 16Nov’08 17 Nov to 2 Dec’08 3 Dec to 18 Dec’08 2 Feb to 17 Feb’09 18 Feb to 05 Mar’09 6 Mar to 21Mar’09 23 April to 30 April’09 22 Mar to 6 April’09 7 April to 22 April’09 0.35 – 0.37 -1.00 – 0.00 0.01 – 0.12 0.38 – 0.41 0.13 – 0.15 0.42 – 0.46 0.16 – 0.18 0.47 – 0.50 0.19 – 0.21 0.51 – 0.60 0.22 – 0.24 0.61 – 0.69 0.25 – 0.26 0.70 – 0.79 0.27 – 0.30 0.80 – 0.90 0.31 – 0.34

  6. Flow Chart for rainfall estimation from INSAT VHRR (Gairola et al. 2008) INSAT TIR, WV Data 3 Hourly Image Conversion from Grey Count to TBs Look Up Table for Calibration Grid Average of IR TBs (0.250x0.250) Satellite Microwave Rainfall (TRMM/SSMI) IR and WV - Cloud Classification Collocation of IR TBs and MW Rainfall Grid Avg. Rainfall (0.250x0.250) Rainfall product Estimation of Rainfall PW & RH Correction Model PW & RH Forecast Rainfall Validation/ Fine Tuning (DWR/SFRG) Corrected Rainfall Estimation Final Rain Rate, Daily, Pentad, monthly & Seasonal Rainfall

  7. Original VHRR thermal IR data Correction for atmospheric water vapour & surface emissivity K cm Characteristic vertical tropospheric air temperature profiles and AIRS sounder based surface air temperature Surface Emissivity K1VHRR LST K Experimental product – Land surface temperature (LST) Precipitable water

  8. Agromet Applications • Late season drought detection from NDVI • Identification of cold wave zone • Disaster (flood) • Evapotranspiration monitoring for stress detection & productivity mapping

  9. Late season agricultural drought detection from INSAT 3A CCD NDVI 0.35 0.35 – – 0.37 0.37 - - 1.00 1.00 – – 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 – – 0.12 0.12 0.38 0.38 – – 0.41 0.41 0.13 0.13 – – 0.15 0.15 0.42 0.42 – – 0.46 0.46 0.16 0.16 – – 0.18 0.18 0.47 0.47 – – 0.50 0.50 0.19 0.19 – – 0.21 0.21 0.51 0.51 – – 0.60 0.60 0.22 0.22 – – 0.24 0.24 0.61 0.61 – – 0.69 0.69 0.25 0.25 – – 0.26 0.26 0.70 0.70 – – 0.79 0.79 0.27 0.27 – – 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.80 – – 0.90 0.90 0.31 0.31 – – 0.34 0.34 30thSept to 15thOct 2008 IMD June-Sept 2009 30thSept to 15thOct 2009 NDVI ranges 16thOct to 31stOct 2008 16thOct to 31stOct 2009

  10. Capturing Coldwave spell over Northwestern India during January and February 2008 using nighttime thermal infrared data from Kalpana-1 VHRR 19 Jan’ 08 22 Jan’ 08 20 Jan’ 08 oC -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 8 Feb’ 08 9 Feb’ 08 5 Feb’ 08 7 Feb’ 08

  11. Capturing damaging events : Koshi flood 2008 from 3A CCD 1 Sept 2008 22 Aug 2008 31 Aug 2008 5 Sept 2008 2 Sept 2008 3 Sept 2008

  12. Monthly Actual and Relative Evapotranspiration during rabi season using surface energy balance approach mm d-1 1.0 AET March AET February AET January AET December AET November 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Desert Agriculture Forest RET February RET November RET December RET January RET March 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 >1.0

  13. Automated Microclimatein situ observational NetworkUsing INSAT CommunicationTransponder – A recent Initiativefrom ISRO

  14. Defining 10 m INSAT- uplinked micrometeorological tower for short (2-3m) vegetation Agro- Met Station (AMS)

  15. Micromet tower network in India C R O P G R A S S W E T L A N D D E S E R T Selection criteria : fetch ratio (1:50 to 1:100), Agroclimate, vegetation, soil type

  16. Forecasting Agricultural out put usingSpace, Agrometeorology and Land basedobservations (FASAL) Land Observations Conventional Remote Sensing Agro Meteorology RS, Mod. Re. Temporal RS, High Re. Single date Econometry Cropped area Crop condition Crop acreage Crop yield MULTIPLE IN-SEASON FORECAST Pre- Harvest District Pre- Season Early- Season Mid- Season State Pre- Harvest State Revised Incorporating damage

  17. Thank you……..

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