CREATIVITY

1. LECTUTRE # 03 COURSE- ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT CHAPTER - 04 CREATIVITY COURSE INSTRUCTOR: PROF. DR. SHAHAB KHUSHNOOD MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA

2. Creativity is the result of intense attention and determination of innovators and researchers which were over looked by ordinary minds.

3. Creativity Ability to come up with innovative results from nature.

4. Group Brainstorming Technique By Alex Osborn Group Brainstormingis a technique in which groups of individuals can use to generate novel ideas and enhance their collective creativity.

5. Examination of Selective Factors in Creativity Following factors effecting the differentiation between the creativity technique of different people. • Education • Gender • Age

6. Creative Problem Solving Steps There are basically six steps associated with the creative problem-solving process. • Problem Definition • Preparation • Idea Production • Idea Development • Evaluation • Adoption

7. Ways to Develop Creativity • Reading • Experience • Games • Writing • Fine Arts and Hobbies • Finding Solutions to Create Exercises

8. Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers Characteristics of Highly Creative Engineers: 1- Observation Power 2- Concentration Power 3- Belongs to either upper or lower decile of engineering classes in the universities and other institutions. 4- Faces ambiguous situations more easily. 5- Question problems and new ideas. 6- Has fewer close friends.

9. Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…) Characteristics of Highly Creative Engineers: 7- Displays more self-confidence 8- Independence in thoughts. 9- High desire for freedom 10- less anxious 11- independent in action. 12- thinks in more abstract and theoretical terms. 13- More stable.

10. Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…) Characteristics of Creative Managers: 1- Persistent 2- Creative Memory 3- Self Motivation 4- Analysis and Synthesis Ability 5- Tolerance of Ambiguity 6- Concentration power 7- Ability to toy with ideas 8- Displays originality 9- Self Confidence 10- Sensitive to problems

11. Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…) Characteristics of Creative Managers: 11- Activity Curious 12- Fearless of Failure 13- Basically Optimistic 14- Openness to Feelings 15- Self Competitive 16- Free of Jealousy 17- Fearless of Authority 18- No resentment toward Authority 19- Respects others Rights 20- Open and Direct when dealing with Others

12. Climate For Creativity Following steps presents the ideal environment for creativity. • Give necessary freedom and opportunity to deserving engineers. • Provide necessary facilities to highly creative engineers. • Avoid resisting new ideas. • Conduct informal seminars. • Assign to individuals engineers those problems which best suit his or her field of interest. • Recognize that the highly creative engineers have to be financially rewarded. • Reward highly creative engineers with status. • Recognize differences in personality.

13. Attributes Of A Manger Of Creative People • A manager of a group of creative people has to have certain attributes. Some of them are as follows • Possesses knowledge of the creative process • Gives credit to others when it is necessary • Gives recognition whenever it is deserved • Possesses self-confidence • Provides inspiration at the movement of need • Leads by suggestion • Is able to take calculated risks whenever it is necessary • Possesses ability to identify the problem • Able to handle people with differing personalities • Ability to communicate effectively with others • Receptive to all ideas • Pushes for flexible organization

14. Barriers To Creative Thinking For practical Purposes there are basically for types of such barriers. Type 1:Enviromental Barriers: • These barriers are associated with an individual’s development. • Examples are Student-teacher, boss-subordinate, etc. Type 2:cultural Barriers: • These are due to the society in which he or she functions. Therefore the cultural barriers include all those blocks which are imposed on an individual by the society. Type 3:Perceptual Barriers: • These are due to mind’s tendency to short circuit. • Example: when a person becomes very much acquainted with some item, then he tends to overlook background details of such an item. Type 4: Emotional Barriers: • These are the most serious of all the blocks so far discussed. • Examples are fear, hate, desire for security, self-satisfaction.

15. Barriers To Creative Thinking

16. Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas 1.Generation of new ideas: The methods of ideas generation is shown in figure:

17. Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas (Cont.….) 2.Presentation Of New Ideas: In the actual presentation of new ideas most of the factors one should take into consideration are as follows • Show muted enthusiasm • Be prepared for objections • Do not follow the argumentative procedure • Stay in good control and calm • Try to be as natural as possible • Add a light touch of showmanship • Avoid claims which are unsubstantiated • Outline the immediate steps appropriate for the new idea implementation • Try to arrange for a break after the presentation

18. Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas (Cont.….) 3.Evaluation of new ideas: • Each new idea has to go through an evaluation before its implementation. • Each new idea can be classified into one of the following three Categories. Difficult ideas: • These are those ideas which can be accomplished only in twelve months or more time and require a great deal of other efforts. Moderate ideas: • These ideas can probably be completed in six months with a reasonable sum of investment. Simple ideas: • These ideas do not require an extensive effort or expense and can be accomplished immediately.

19. Ways To Kill Ideas Some of the negative ways a manager may act towards his subordinate who comes up with a new idea: • It will be difficult to sell • It is a ridiculous idea • It will be very costly • The top management will reject it • Idea is too radical • It is outside our responsibility • It is too theoretical • We are going quite well without it • We do not have time for such ideas • Nobody else has tried it before

20. Creativity Techniques Technique 1: • This technique is known as Gordon method. • This approach has two characteristics • The term explores the underling concept of the problem. • The term attacks the underlying concepts at length. • The advantages of the this approach are as follows • The radical applications of existing methods are encouraged • The early closure on the problem is prevented

21. Creativity Techniques (Cont..) Technique 2: • This technique is composed of the following steps • Distribute to each member of the team a notebook containing a problem of major scope • Allow each member of the team to record his thoughts on how to solve the problem for a month • Each team member submits his or her notebook to the coordinator at the specified time • The coordinator studies all the notebook and prepares a detailed summary • After the summarization, any member of the team can see all the notebooks • Whenever it is necessary ,a final meeting is held in which all team members participate

22. Creativity Techniques (Cont..) • Technique 3: • This is known as “attribute –listing approach”. • In this approach a person is required to list attributes of an idea or an item • Then the person concentrates on one attribute at a time • Technique 4: • This is known as the “forced relationships” method. • The main objective of this approach is to generate new ideas by creating a forced relationship between two or more usually unrelated ideas or items • That is how the idea-generation process starts

23. Creativity Techniques (Cont..) Technique 5: • This is known as the brainstorming method • However the meanings of the modern term “brainstorming” is using the brain to storm a problem • Following guidelines are to be observed when conducting a brainstorming session • Welcome free-wheeling • Aim for quality • Eliminate idea criticism during the session • Combine and improve ideas • Record ideas • Keep the ranks of participants fairly equal • Choose the time of the session carefully

24. Creativity Techniques (Cont..) Technique 6: • This is another brainstorming method and is known as the tear-down approach • The technique can be used by two persons • After picking the subject for brainstorming, person A takes the attitude that the existing way is incorrect • The second person, person B, is not allowed to agree with the idea of person A • Person B has to suggest another way • The cycle continues until a useful idea clicks

25. Creativity Techniques (Cont..) Technique 7: • This is another brainstorming technique and is known as the and also method • This approach can be used by two persons • The approach is same as Technique 6,but with one exception: that both persons must agree with each other and then make an addition to the other’s idea Technique 8: • This technique can be used by a single person • In this approach the problem is written and distributed to various participants before the meeting • Each participant has to have a certain number of solution ideas • Thus a sound solution to the problem may be found

26. THANKS