angie@angiebiotech

1. angie@angiebiotech.com Session 8

2. Final Session Session 8 Session 8 Camera RAW Using the Camera RAW interface Understanding Resolution Understanding resolutions for print and web Understanding digital camera resolutions Logo-Design (Vector) Techniques What’s New in CS5 Puppet Warp Final Student Evaluations and Course Recap

3. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Camera RAW images play the same role as film in photography. They are a literal transition of the lens and optical data. Just like film must be developed, further processing is required to make a Camera RAW file editable or printable.

4. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) A Camera RAWimage file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or motion picture film scanner. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor. RAW File Formats (Camera Specific): .3fr,.ari, .arw,.bay, .crw, .cr2, .cap,.dcs, .dcr, .dng, .drf,.eip, .erf,.fff,.iiq,.k25, .kdc,.mef, .mos, .mrw,.nef, .nrw,.obm, .orf,.pef, .ptx, .pxn,.r3d, .raf, .raw, .rwl, .rw2, .rwz,.sr2, .srf, .srw,.x3f

5. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Some Camera RAW examples include: Canon.CRW and .CR2, Minolta .MRW, Olympus.ORF Nikon.NEF

6. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) A camera RAW file is a record of the data captured by the sensor. Let’s consider what the sensor in a digital camera actually captures. A number of different technologies are included in the category of “digital camera,” but nearly all of those that shoot raw are of the type known as “mosaic sensor” or “color filter array” (CFA) cameras.

7. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Most camera use a 2-D array, typically using either CCD (charge-coupled device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology to capture light (much like film does). Notice it is made up of pixel-like squares in a matrix.

8. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Grayscale to color The role of the color filter array is to create color images from the raw grayscale capture. Each element in the array is covered by a color filter, so that each element captures only red, green, or blue light. Many cameras apply the filters in a Bayer pattern like the one shown below.

9. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) In addition to the grayscale values for each pixel, most raw formats include a “decoder ring” in metadata that conveys the arrangement of the color filters on the sensor, so it tells raw converters which color each pixel represents. The camera also probably has a built-in RAW Converter.

10. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) • After demosaicing, raw files are converted to standard files (like JPG) by: • White balance • Color adjustment • Gamma correction to the human eye range • Noise reduction.

11. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Gamma correction to the human eye range Did you know that almost all digital cameras can see into the near Ultra-violet and Infrared ranges, pricking up colors that are invisible to us? Some have modified digital cameras to make picture of these phenomenon.

12. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) See the IR and UV by “hacking” a camera to remove the filter for interesting results. Flowers have “landing pads” invisible to us, but visible to insects that can see in the UV range (like bees).

13. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Notice that sunblock is invisible in our sight, but you can see it in UV pictures.

14. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) • The structure of raw files (Most Commonly ISO 12234-2 & TIFF/EP) are based on the TIFF file type and they contain: • A short file header data identifier • Camera sensor metadata which is required to interpret the sensor image data. This includes the size of the sensor, the attributes of the CFA and its color profile • Image metadata (Camera settings, date, and time) • An image thumbnail, and optional quick-loading JPG preview • The timecode, keycode, or frame number for videos • The unedited (”raw”) sensor image data

15. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) • Difference between Camera RAW and JPG • Raw is 12-bit (4092 shades), JPG is only 8-bit • JPG trusts the camera’s internal compression to be good, which is not always true on inexpensive cameras • To remove “non-visible” colors, JPG removes way too much. Camera RAW is much more sensitive, leaving the maximum color range • **This means loss of data, which can be seen in the histogram. That means that your Photoshop editing tools have less to work with, and must create more data to process image editng: meaning slow and lower quality images.

16. Notice the big difference that bit-depth plays in giving you more color levels in your files. Camera RAW Files JPG Files

17. Note the histogram comparison Camera Raw JPG created by camera

18. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) • Drawbacks • Camera RAW files are typically 2–6 times larger than JPEG files. • Most RAW formats use lossless compression (best), but some use lossy compression (lower quality). This is common in less expensive digital cameras. • Many programs cannot open RAW images • It adds time to the workflow to manually convert raw images • RAW is more sensitive to camera settings

19. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) • Programs that can open RAW files • Adobe CS2 and higher: Lightroom, Elements(with plugin), Photoshop Extended • Paintshop Pro and other expensive software • OpenSource (free): Dcraw, ImageMaigik, RawStudio

20. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) .DNG files (digital negatives) are publically available RAW files (not proprietary). You should use this for archival files that you plan to keep a long time. Think: If Nikon goes out of business next year, will you still be able to access their proprietary files in 10-20 years? Maybe not! DNG will always be around, though. Download the free DNG converter at :http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/detail.jsp?ftpID=5310

21. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) Opening DNG in Photoshop

22. The Photoshop Camera RAW panel will automatically display Be sure that Preview is selected so you can see your modifications

23. The Photoshop Camera RAW panel will automatically display Notice that many adjustment tabs are available for you to use

24. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files Basic Tab Go to the Basic tab first and bring the image closer to a real look. Adjusting the White Balance can have a huge affect on overall image appearance, especially in uneven lighting situations, like clouds or glare. I’ll select the White Balance Tool in the Toolbar: Click on a part of the image that should be white or gray, and the image will automatically adjust.

25. PhotoShop CS5 Camera Raw: The Digital Negative (DNG) .RAW files (Photoshop RAW) are created by Adobe. You can always open these files using Photoshop at a later date. Photoshop Extended should already be able to use an access camera RAW; however, in other versions you may need to update your RAW plugin from Adobe to make it work

26. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files The White Balance Tool also has a dropdown with many presets.

27. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files The other slide controls in the Basic tab allow you to fine tune the image’s tone, or you can choose to allow Photoshop to correct the image by using the Auto option. I usually start by using the Auto option and tweaking things until I get what I like.

28. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files Detail Tab Next I’ll go to the Detail tab to apply some Sharpening adjustments to my image. You can toggle amounts to get the correct “look” for your image. Tip: Most RAW images will need sharpening

29. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files Note that you can easily use the Adobe CS5 mini-Bridge, not available in previous versions

30. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files Use Adobe CS5 mini-Bridgeto easily toggle between photographic images and open camera RAW files.

31. Opening files in Adobe Bridge File >> Get from Camera Setup Automatic Download from Camera Photo Downloader can be set to automatically grab images from camera, rename images, and add your profile to images.

32. Opening files in Adobe Bridge Advanced >> Options Select certain photos

33. Renaming Files in Adobe Bridge Renaming Files In Bridge, navigate to the folder, “Sisters.” Copy this folder to your own by right clicking on it and select the command “Copy To.” Copy this folder to your own on the Desktop. Select all of the images by using the command CTRL + A [CMD for Mac] Under the Tools menu, select Batch Rename.

34. Adding MetaData in Adobe Bridge Tools >> Create MetaData Templates

35. Adding Keywords in Adobe Bridge Keywords Keywords are another sort of metadata, which is very useful when trying to locate certain images within a set. In Bridge, Keywords are located in its own panel. Any keywords added here will also appear in the Metadata panel as well, in the Keywords field.

36. Adding Keywords in Adobe Bridge Collections: A collection is very useful as in it’s considered a virtual grouping; it doesn’t matter where the images are on the hard drive, even if they are moved into different folders, the collection stays intact. Filter Panel: In the upper right corner of this panel, is a fly-out panel that displays all of the categories in the Filter menu. Clicking on the name of each category expands or collapses the category.

37. PhotoShop CS5 How to use RAW Files Adobe TV goes into great detail on the new CS5 features, much enhanced, of the Camera RAW http://tv.adobe.com/watch/photoshop-cs5-feature-tour/new-camera-raw-features-in-cs5/

38. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG • The three most common image file formats, the most important for printing, scanning and internet use, are TIFF, JPG, and GIF. However, TIFF cannot be used in internet browsers. • All editor programs like Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Elements support these file formats, which will generally support and store these images. • File type is important in: • Resizing • Artifacts (limitation of artifacts) • Printing (DPI also important! Generally, 300 or better for print, 72 for web)

39. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG

40. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG

41. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG • General Rules for DPI (Dots per Inch): • Shoot at a DPI at least as large as you plan to print. • Standard DPIs • Web: 72 DPI (low-resolution, fast-load) • Monitor Screen or TV: 72 to 96 DPI • Home Printer: 200 to 600 DPI (varies) • In-store Printed Photos: 600 DPI • Commercial Printer: 600 to 1200 DPI • Photographic Film: >3000 DPI (non-matrix)

42. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG More about DPI Print versus Screen DPI: Notice that pixels, when printed become no longer a perfect matrix, but more fluid (like film, which is made of irregular particles known as “Film Grain”).

43. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG More about DPI Photo images made in a darkroom are made up of made up of irregular particles known as “Film Grain”). These particles, like ink from printers, are highly irregular.

44. Opening Images and the Bridge PSD – Photoshop Native JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG What’s the difference between a home and commercial printers that have 600 DPI? The quality of the matrix. Expensive commercial printers have a regular matrix with very little overlap. They also have generally higher quality ink, in more than 4 colors, often up to 22.