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The Golden Age of Athens

The Golden Age of Athens. Pericles, the Parthenon and Pheidias , ca . 462/1-432/1 BCE. DORIS. OPUNTIAN LOCRIS. Euboea. PHOCIS   PHOCIS. Delphi. Tanagra. BOEOTIA. Oenophyta. Thebes. Corinthian Gulf. Crissaean Gulf. Pegae. Sicyon. Megara. Eleusis. Isthmus. Corinth.

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The Golden Age of Athens

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  1. The Golden Age of Athens Pericles, the Parthenon and Pheidias, ca. 462/1-432/1 BCE

  2. DORIS OPUNTIAN LOCRIS Euboea PHOCIS PHOCIS Delphi Tanagra BOEOTIA Oenophyta Thebes Corinthian Gulf Crissaean Gulf Pegae Sicyon Megara Eleusis Isthmus Corinth Athens 460/59-451/0:Athens vs. Sparta, 1st Peloponnesian War theaters of operation Aegina Epidauros Saronic Gulf Sparta

  3. 459/8-451/0: Athens vs. Persia: theaters of operation  LIBYA  EGYPT Pharos Memphis

  4. Athens and Sparta:the eve of war, 435

  5. Pericles’ building program in context, 462/1-432/1

  6. Acropolis N Areopagus Agora Panathenaic Way

  7. The Athenian Acropolis today

  8. The Acropolis (reconstruction)

  9. The Parthenon post-antiquity 21st c. reclamation 5th c. church 15th c. mosque 1687: explosion

  10. Athena Promachos,456-50(?) Parthenon, 447-32 Altar of Athena Erechtheion, 421-406(xoanon & peplos) N Artemis Brauronia, 435 Paralia(sacred ship) Propylaia, 437-32 Athena Nike, 427-24 Panathenaia  Agora

  11. Parthenon: exterior

  12. Parthenon: basics • 447-432 BCE • Architects: Kallikrates & Iktinus • Sculptural program: Pheidias (statue of Athena Parthenos) • Pentelic marble (Mt. Pentelikon, Attica) • Craftsmen: citizens, metics, slaves • Evidence: Plutarch Pericles 12-13, 31; Thuc. 1.10; three inscriptions (all D&G 1.9-13)

  13. p Chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos East side (entrance)

  14. East side (entrance) N Statue of Athena Parthenos Gods vs. Giants Lapiths vs. Centaurs Panathenaic procession West side (view from Propylaia) Poseidon vs. Athena Birth of Athena Greeks vs. Amazons Sack of Troy

  15. Parthenon (east) Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin Removal of marbles (firman): 1801-1812

  16. British Museum, London (£35,000, 1816) British Museum’s position on the debate (britishmuseum.org/gr/debate.html) Acropolis Museum, Athens British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Marbles (parthenonuk.com)

  17. Pedimental sculpture: themes--Athena vs. Poseidon (west) --Birth of Athena (east)

  18. Parthenon: pediment (east)

  19. Parthenon: metopesLapith vs. Centaur

  20. Parthenon frieze: cavalcade

  21. Parthenon frieze: sacrifice

  22. Parthenon frieze: water-bearers

  23. Parthenon frieze: magistrates?

  24. Parthenon frieze: peplosfor the xoanon, gods Hephaistos Athena

  25. Chryselephantine statue, PheidiasPlut. Per. 31 Pericles? Varvakeion Athena(Roman, 2nd c. CE) Pheidias? Strangford Shield(Roman, 3rd c. CE)

  26. Athena Parthenos, Nashville 1897 & 1982-2002

  27. 41’ 10” • 12 tons • cement/steel • Nike: 6’ 4”

  28. The Parthenon’s significance • public building project • man’s relationship to the gods • political ideology regarding the barbaroi • political ideology – civic pride/identity • Panathenaia and the community • artistic arete • articulation of Pericles’ vision

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