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2. G7 Chapter 7 China (589-c. 1450)

3. G7C7 Key Terms and People

4. 100 Answer This religion spread all over Asia from its founding in India. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

5. 200 Answer First rising to prominence under the Song, ____________ remained important in China for centuries. These _____________, for example, lived during the Qing dynasty, which ruled from the mid-1600s to the early 1900s. Their typical responsibilities might include running government offices; maintaining roads, irrigation systems, and other public works; updating and maintaining official records; or collecting taxes. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

6. 300 Answer 625–705 Married to a sickly emperor, ___________ became the virtual ruler of China in 655. After her husband died, _______ decided her sons were not worthy of ruling. She kept power for herself, and ruled with an iron fist. Those who threatened her power risked death. Unlike many earlier rulers, she chose advisors based on their abilities rather than their ranks. Although she was not well liked, _________ was respected for bringing stability and prosperity to China. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

7. 400 Answer a policy of avoiding contact with other countries Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

8. 500 Answer By 1294, ruled all of China, Russia, and most of the middle east. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

9. 600 Answer A vital crop in southern China, where the warm, wet climate is perfect for rice growing. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

10. 700 Answer Teachings focused on ethics, or proper behavior, for individuals and governments. People should conduct their lives according to two basic principles. These principles were ren, or concern for others, and li, or appropriate behavior. Society would function best if everyone followed ren and li. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

11. 800 Answer (1215–1294) Mongol ruler, he completed the conquest of China and founded the Yuan dynasty. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

12. 900 Answer It's a huge complex of almost 1,000 buildings in the heart of China's capital. The _____________ was built for the emperor, his family, his court, and his servants, and ordinary people were forbidden from entering. Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

13. 1000 Answer (c. 1162–1227) Ruler of the Mongols, he led his people in attacks against China and against other parts of Asia. His name means "universal leader." Empress Wu 6. Genghis Khan Spread of Buddhism 7. Kublai Khan Growing Rice 8. Mongol Empire Confucianism 9. The Forbidden City Scholar-Officials 10. Isolationism

14. G7 Chapter 8 Japan (550-1868)

15. G7 Chapter 9 The Early Middle Ages (400-1200)

16. G7C8 Key Terms and People

17. G7C9 Key Terms and People

18. 100 Answer a period that lasted from about 500 to 1500 in Europe Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

19. 200 Answer traditional religion of Japan Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

20. 300 Answer (top to bottom) The emperor was a figurehead for the powerful of Shogun. The Shogun was a powerful military leader, the shogun ruled in the emperor’s name. The Daimyo were powerful lords who often led armies of samurai. The Samurai warriors served the shogun and daimyo. Peasants, at the bottom of society, were poor and held no power. Most Japanese were peasants. Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

21. 400 Answer a form of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

22. 500 Answer (top to bottom) Kings and Queens ruled and were the greatest lords of Europe, and all nobles and knights were their vassals. Nobles were vassals of kings and queens. Many were also lords of lower ranking nobles and knights. Knights served their noble lords in exchange for land. Peasants owned no land, so they were not part of the feudal system. But many peasants worked on land owned by nobles or knights. Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

23. 600 Answer the system of obligations that governed the relationships between lords and vassals in medieval Europe Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

24. 700 Answer These were large estates that developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. These were largely self-sufficient, producing most of the food and goods they needed. Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

25. 800 Answer a person who appears to rule even though real power rests with someone else is a figure head Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

26. 900 Answer Were bold and highly trained warriors. They followed a strict code of behavior called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior.” Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

27. 1000 Answer Where did he live? ___________, ruled most of what are now France and Germany. He lived mainly inhis capital, Aachen, near the modern city of Cologne, Germany. What did he do? Through his wars of conquest, ___________ united many of the tribes of central and western Europe into a single empire. Why is he important? While Europe was still reeling from the collapse of Rome, __________ brought people together. He helped Europeans realize that they shared common bonds, such as Christianity, that linked them. In other words, he helped people see themselves as Europeans, not members of tribes. Shinto 8. Middle Ages Zen 9. Medieval Samurai Society 10. Charlemagne Figurehead 11. Feudal Society Shogun 12. Feudalism Japan’s Samurai 13. Life on a Manor Mongol Invasion of Japan 14. Monks

28. G7 Chapter 10 The Later Middle Ages (1000-1500)

29. G7C10 Key Terms and People

30. 100 Answer Though he was born in Italy, __________lived most of his life in France. As a student and then a teacher at the University of Paris, he spent most of his time in study. He wrote a book called the Summa Theologica, in which he argued that science and religion were related. Although some people did not like his ideas, most considered him the greatest thinker of the Middle Ages. Later teachers modeled their lessons after his ideas. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

31. 200 Answer Both wanted to decide who should appoint the bishops for territories. Kings felt they should have the say since it was their land, but the Popes believed they should be the only ones selecting religious officials. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

32. 300 Answer A document signed in 1215 by King John of England that required the king to honor certain rights. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

33. 400 Answer the lawmaking body that governs England Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

34. 500 Answer an organization of priests in Spain that looked for and punished anyone suspected of secretly practicing their old religion Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

35. 600 Answer This was a deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. It is estimated that about a third of Europe’s population was lost. “And they died by the hundreds,” wrote one man who saw the horror, “both day and night.” It was a series of deadly plagues that hit Europe between 1347 and 1351, killing millions. People didn’t know what caused the plague. They also didn’t know that geography played a key role in its spread—as people traveled to trade, they unwittingly carried the disease with them to new places. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

36. 700 Answer A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia fought for control of the Holy Land from 1096 to 1291. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

37. 800 Answer (c. 1182–1226) Italian saint He encouraged people to be kind to others and founded the Franciscan Order. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

38. 900 Answer The effort of Christian kingdoms in northern Spain to retake land from the Moors during the Middle Ages. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

39. 1000 Answer They were much taller than older churches. The walls often rose up hundreds of feet, and the ceilings seemed to reach to heaven. Huge windows of stained glass let sunlight pour in, filling the churches with dazzling colors. Many of these amazing churches still exist. People continue to worship in them and admire their beauty. Kings and Popes Clash 6. Magna Carta Crusades 7. Parliament Saint Francis of Assisi 8. The Black Death Saint Thomas Aquinas 9. The Reconquista Gothic Architecture 10. The Spanish Inquisition

40. G7 Chapter 11 The Renaissance (1271-1600)

41. G7C11 Key Terms and People

42. 100 Answer the period of "rebirth" and creativity that followed Europe’s Middle Ages Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

43. 200 Answer When did he live? 1475–1564 Where did he live? __________ di Buonarroti Simoni was born in Florence, but he also lived and worked in Rome and Bologna. What did he do? He created some of the most famous works of art in world history. Many of these works he created for the Roman Catholic Church. Popes, bishops, and other church officials hired him to decorate their churches with his brilliant statues and paintings. Why is he important? He represents the ideas of the Renaissance in many ways. He strove for perfection in his works and considered them ruined if he found even the tiniest flaw. In the end his perfectionism paid off, for his art leaves people in awe today just as it did in the artist’s own time. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

44. 300 Answer the study of history, literature, public speaking, and art that led to a new way of thinking in Europe in the late 1300s Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

45. 400 Answer (1254–1324) He was one of the greatest travelers in history. He went from Europe to China and spent 20 years living, working, and traveling in Asia. When he returned to Venice, his friends and family didn’t even recognize him. They thought he had been dead for many years. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

46. 500 Answer (1469–1527) Italian writer and politician, he wrote The Prince in which he advised leaders on how to rule. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

47. 600 Answer The birth of the banking industry. Bankers made money by charging interest. Interest is a fee that borrowers pay for the use of someone else’s money. This fee is usually a certain percentage of the loan. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

48. 700 Answer (1389–1464) Italian banker and leader of Florence, he wanted to make Florence the greatest city in the world. His actions helped bring about the Renaissance. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

49. 800 Answer ___________ was born in Vinci, a small town near Florence. He showed artistic talent at a young age. But no one could know that he would become one of the great geniuses of history. He was one of the great artists of the Renaissance. His Mona Lisa is one of the most famous paintings in the world. He studied the human body. A notebook page shows his sketch of a wing. He sketched many ideas for machines that would let people fly. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci

50. 900 Answer (c. 1400–1468) German printer, he developed a printing press that used movable type. Marco Polo 6. Cosimo de’Medici Michelangelo 7. Renaissance Johann Gutenburg 8. Niccolo Machiavelli Florence 9. Humanism William Shakespeare 10. Leonardo da Vinci