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Characteristics of rural-urban elderly living in poverty. ELDERLY IN. MALAYSIA. ___________________________. SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD, Ph.D. This study benefits from the financial support provided by the Social Security Research Center (SSRC), Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.

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  1. Characteristics of rural-urban elderly living in poverty ELDERLY IN MALAYSIA ___________________________ SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD, Ph.D. • This study benefits from the financial support provided by the Social Security Research Center (SSRC), Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

  2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION • Background of study • Objectives of study • Data & Findings • Conclusion

  3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

  4. Current Situation

  5. Population data • Percentage population aged 55 years an above increase from 7.6 percent in 1970 to 12.3 percent in 2012 • 2015 Malaysia’s population aged 65 years and above will be six percent of the total population

  6. Poverty incidence (2009 & 2012)

  7. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

  8. DATA & FINDINGS

  9. HIS 2009 data provided by the DOS • 19,125 observations or elderly are used for the analysis (9,452 in rural and 9,673 in urban areas) • Information on socio demographic profiles is provided at the household and individual levels

  10. Male : 48.05 Female : 51.91 58-59 : 14,74 60-64 : 30.79 65-69 : 21.36 70-74 : 16.59 75-79 : 8.47 80 & Above: 8.06 AGE Gender Bumiputera :63.39 Chinese : 30.58 Indian : 5.55 Others : 0.48 Married : 67.54 Others : 32.46 Characteristics of elderly Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc : 71.45 Senior officials & managers : 0.48 Professionals: 0.49 Technicians & associate professionals : 1.37 Clerical workers : 0.48 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 12.38 Craft & related trade: 2.07 Plant & machine operators : 1.66 Elementary occupations : 3.33 Working Group Education Primary : 42.60 Secondary : 18.37 Tertiary : 4.13 None : 34.90 Strata Urban : 50.56 Rural : 49.44

  11. Male : 7.97 Female : 11.73 58-59 : 5.56 60-64 : 6.36 65-69 : 10.12 70-74 : 13.66 75-79 : 15.98 80 & Above: 16.90 AGE Gender Bumiputera :13.66 Chinese : 3.02 Indian : 5.17 Others : 10.99 Characteristics of elderly living in poverty (9.9%) Married : 7.40 Others : 15.17 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc:10.32 Senior officials & managers : 1.86 Professionals: 0.00 Technicians & associate professionals : 3.80 Clerical workers : 0.00 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 12.95 Craft & related trade: 5.79 Plant & machine operators : 2.84 Elementary occupations : 11.91 Working Group Education Primary : 7.95 Secondary : 2.05 Tertiary : 0.63 None : 17.58 Strata Urban : 4.72 Rural : 15.24

  12. Male : 49.44 / 50.56 Female : 49.45 / 50.55 58-59 : 13.75 / 15.70 60-64 : 29.65 / 31.90 65-69 : 21.25 / 21.46 70-74 : 17.44 / 15.75 75-79 : 9.19 / 7.76 80 & Above: 8.71 / 7.43 AGE Gender Characteristics of rural-urban elderly Bumiputera :84.41 / 42.83 Chinese : 12.12 / 48.65 Indian : 2.93 / 8.12 Others : 0.55 / 0.40 Married : 67.63 / 67.44 Others : 32.37 / 32.56 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc: 65.02 / 77.74 Senior officials & managers : 1.44 / 3.04 Professionals: 0.33 / 0.65 Technicians & associate professionals : 0.82 / 1.91 Clerical workers : 0.13 / 0.82 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 22.15 / 2.82 Craft & related trade: 1.69 / 2.45 Plant & machine operators : 1.14 / 2.16 Elementary occupations : 3.39 / 3.27 Working Group Education Primary : 46.68 / 38.61 Secondary : 9.93 / 26.63 Tertiary : 1.32 / 6.88 None : 42.07 / 27.88

  13. Male : 12.59 / 3.46 Female : 17.70 / 5.89 58-59 : 8.39 / 7.88 60-64 : 18.92 / 22.32 65-69 : 21.07 / 24.07 70-74 : 23.70 / 20.13 75-79 : 13.51 / 14.00 80 & Above: 14.41 / 11.60 AGE Gender Characteristics of rural-urban elderly living in poverty Bumiputera :93.42/ 67.83 Chinese : 4.50 / 24.51 Indian : 1.66 / 6.78 Others : 0.42 / 0.88 Married : 52.53 / 43.54 Others : 47.47/ 56.46 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc: 72.49 / 80.09 Senior officials & managers : 0.49 / 0.22 Professionals: 0.00 / 0.00 Technicians & associate professionals : 0.49 / 0.66 Clerical workers : 0.13 / 0.00 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 19.82 / 4.60 Craft & related trade: 0.97 / 1.97 Plant & machine operators : 2.16 / 1.09 Elementary occupations : 2.98 / 7.22 Working Group Education Primary : 32.99 / 37.64 Secondary : 2.49 / 7.88 Tertiary : 0.07 / 0.88 None : 64.45 / 53.61 Strata Urban : 4.72 Rural : 15.24

  14. Logistic analysis Other Ethnicity is the reference category in ethnicity; No Education is the reference category in education; Other House Type is the reference category in House

  15. CONCLUSION

  16. This study had empirically demonstrated that elderly’s poverty incidence is still at a relatively low level • Nevertheless, poverty incidence in the rural area is relatively high, more than three times higher than the urban areas. • The logistic probability estimation indicates that the many factors influencing elderly poverty include household size, presence of young child in a household, age, education attainment, strata and house ownership

  17. Education has important role in reducing poverty: with education, the probability of poverty could be reduced, regardless on the type of education, let them be primary, secondary and tertiary • Role of wealth in reducing poverty: house ownership is an example of wealth acquisition and this is an important element to reduce poverty • Ethnicity remains an issue in poverty: being a Bumiputera is susceptible to be poor in the rural areas while being a Chinese has a higher probability to be out of poverty in the urban area

  18. eieydda@usm.my Thank you

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