Effective Public Speaking

1. Effective Public Speaking Nancy L. Van Pelt Leadership Certification Level 1

2. Three Types of Public Speaking 1. Speeches that inform • Explain • Report • Describe • Clarify • Define • Demonstrate

3. 2. Speeches that persuade Designed to convince or influence beliefs or attitudes

4. 3. Speeches that entertain Use humour to influence an audience Goal: to warm audience up

5. Three main speaking styles • Cool presenter • Hot presenter • Dull presenter

6. Four basic methods of delivery • Reading a manuscript verbatim • From memory • Speaking impromptu • Speaking extemporaneously

7. Getting Organized The organized speaker is more likely to be though of as competent and trustworthy.

8. How Long Should a Talk Be? • “Long enough to reach the ground” • There’s great power in words, if you don’t hitch to many of them together.” • No one likes a speech that runs too long. • “Lord, fill my mouth with worthwhile stuff . . . and nudge me when I’ve said enough.” • The more you have to say, and the more time you take, the less people will remember

9. Know Your Audience

10. Make up of Audience • Superiors • Peers • Team members • Special interest groups • Mixed groups

11. Time to Outline • Gather materials • Examples • Statistics • Testimony

12. The Preparation Outline • Introduction • Body • Main point • Main point • Sub sub-point • Sub sub-point • Conclusion

13. Build the Body First

14. The Introduction The beginning prepares listeners for what is to come.

15. Three things you do during the intro. • Get attention • Startle the audience with an arresting statement • Arouse curiosity

16. Two Purposes Let the audience know you are ending Reinforce central idea The conclusion should conclude The Conclusion

17. Ineffective 1840-1860 World Anti-Slavery Convention Seneca Falls convention 1. Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments 1900-1920 National American Woman Suffrage Association Founding Objectives Nineteenth Amendment Campaign Ratification More Effective 1840-1860 A. World Anti-Slavery Convention B. Seneca Falls convention 1. Lucretia Mott 2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3. Declaration of Sentiments 1900-1920 A. National American Woman Suffrage Association 1. Founding 2. Objectives B. Nineteenth Amendment 1. Campaign 2. Ratification Two versions of speaking Outline

18. One picture is worth a thousand words Visual Aids

19. With visual aids 82% within 24 hours 62% three weeks later Without visual aid 62% within 24 hours 20% three weeks later Retentions With Visual Aids

20. Tips for using visual aids: • Avoid chalkboards • Prepare visuals in advance • Prepare them large enough • Display them to be seen • Avoid passing aid among audience • Display aids only while discussing them

21. Tips for using visual aids(cont): • Talk to audience, not visual aid • Practice with visual aid • Real objects make good visuals • Computer presentations

22. Handouts • Distribute handouts after your presentation • Tell the audience that handouts will be provided at the end • Have enough handouts for everyone

23. Flubs ‘N Things

24. Verbal 7% Tone of Voice 38% Non Verbal 55% Body language HEY, WHAT ARE YOU GUYS DOING OVER THERE?! NONE OF YOUR BUSINESS! WOULD YOU GUYS KEEP IT QUIET UP THERE?!

25. Body Language • Body Posture • Hand Gesture • By your side • Do not place your hands on the podium • Hand gestures should be about chest level • Open hand conveys openness and encourages trust

26. Eye Contact Speaker Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 The speaker has three major sections to make eye contact with Speaker Section 1 Section 5 Section 2 Section 4 Section 3 Audience The larger the audience, the more sections you need to establish for effective eye contact

27. Facial Expressions • Initial feeling an audience gets from a speaker comes through facial expressions • Be yourself • Smile before you begin speaking

28. Winning Conversation • The tone of voice can draw others toward you or push them away • A word may be a word, but how it is received is dependent on how it is said • Meaning is given to words by the sender as she chooses the words,m but also is taken by the listener as she listens and interprets

29. Average speaker 100-150 wpm Slow speaker 80-90 wpm Fast speaker Up to 170 wpm Can listen to 450-600 wpm Lag Time We can THINK 5 times faster than we can talk!

30. A Fast Talker Contra Slow Talker • The fast talker can be persuasive and expressive • The slow talker may imply apathy and indifference • Speak fast enough to keep people intrigued, but not so fast they feel uncomfortable or rushed

31. Practice! Practice! • Prepare speaking outline • Practice aloud • Polish & refine delivery • Present under similar conditions Practice!

32. Purpose of an Introduction • Build enthusiasm for speaker • Build enthusiasm for topic • Establish a welcoming atmosphere • Boost credibility of speaker

33. Points to Remember • Check facts for accuracy • Adapt remarks to occasion • Adapt remarks to audience • Create a sense of anticipation

34. Room Setting Speaker Audience members should be able to easily see the speaker and visual aids the speaker presents. Audience Podium Audience Audience Audience Audience

35. Seating Arrangement (Screen or Blank Wall – elevated if possible) Overhead Projector ◙ X ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ Book Table (May need 2) Refreshment Table Registration Table Back of Room

36. Conference Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

37. U-Shaped Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

38. Circle Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

39. Pod Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

40. Classroom Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

41. Chevron Style Visual display leader Refreshments/ displays

42. “The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” (MYP p346) Your aim when in public is to present a picture of poise, and quiet serenity.

43. Guidelines for appropriate dress • Avoid fabrics that wrinkle • Dress traditionally • Wear a dress or business suit • Empty pockets • Leave hand bag at your seat • Use of colour • Necklines • Tailored look gives more authority • Choose comfortable shoes

44. Platform Decorum “The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” Ellen G. White (Messages to Young People p.346)

45. Appearance • Posture • Sit up straight • Stand up straight • Maintain good posture

46. Appearance • Sitting • Keep your hands quiet and in your lap • Put them to one side rather than in the middle of your lap • Keep your knees together • Place your feet out slightly farther than the knees • Keep the soles of your shoes on the floor • Never, ever cross your legs on the platform!

47. Appearance • Standing • Assume what is called the social stance

48. Appearance • Ascending and Descending Stairs • Pause for a second or two before beginning • Bend your knees • Keep your knees slightly bent • With your head high, put your whole foot on the stairs with the toe straight ahead • Do not watch your feet • Rest your hand lightly on the railing

49. Using a podium • Do not put hands on it • Do not lean on it • Check podium height

50. When using a microphone • Don’t use a hand held mike • A lapel or lavaliere mike is ideal • Prepare as if you had no mike • Adjust mike before speaking • Stand close enough to benefit • Don’t allow mike to block your face • Be careful with “p” or “th” sounds • Beware of other noises