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Computer Applications

CPU. Monitor. Storage. ROM. Output Device. RAM. Operating System. Computer Applications. Printer. Hardware. Vista. Application System. Database. Computer. Mouse. Input Devices. Software. What is a computer?.

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Computer Applications

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  1. CPU Monitor Storage ROM Output Device RAM Operating System Computer Applications Printer Hardware Vista Application System Database Computer Mouse Input Devices Software

  2. What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program.

  3. Understanding Hardware and Software • A computer’s hardware is the computer item you can physically see or touch • The software is the computer program that tells computer hardware how to operate

  4. What makes the computer powerful? • SPEED– A computer can do billions of actions per second. • RELIABILTY—Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. • STORAGE– A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

  5. Functions of the computer A computer has four functions: a. accepts data Input b. processes data Processing c. produces output Output d. stores results Storage The Information Processing Cycle

  6. Input • Everything we tell the computer is Input.

  7. Types of Input • Data means the raw facts given to the computer. • Programs are the sets of instructions that direct the computer. • Commands are special codes or key words that the user inputs to perform a task, like RUN "ACCOUNTS". These can be selected from a menu of commands like "Open" on the File menu. They may also be chosen by clicking on a command button. • User response is the user's answer to the computer's question, such as choosing OK, YES, or NO or by typing in text, for example the name of a file.

  8. Common Input Devices • Keyboard—Most commonly used • Pointing Devices • Mouse • Stylus • Game devices (joystick) • Touch screen • Digital Camera

  9. Processing • Processing is the thinking that the computer does - the calculations, comparisons, and decisions. • Modern computers are digital, that is, all info is stored as a string of zeros or ones - off or on. All the thinking in the computer is done by manipulating these digits. The concept is simple, but working it all out gets complicated.

  10. Memory • Memory—A computer’s temporary storage place, where it gets its work done. • There are two main types of memory on your computer • RAM • ROM

  11. RAM • Primary storage • Random Access Memory • Computer’s main memory which is used to process information. • This memory is volatile, which means unsaved data disappears when you shut off the computer.

  12. ROM • Read-only memory • Computer’s low level memory, which is used to perform its most basic functions (example, start the computer). • This memory is nonvolatile, which means data remains even when you shut off the computer.

  13. Measuring Memory • Bit—Short for binary digit, a bit is the smallest memory unit. Eight bits equals one byte. • Byte—Equals to one character (letter, number) • Kilobyte (K or KB) –1,024 bytes • Megabyte (M or MB)—1,048,576 bytes • Gigabyte (G or GB)—1,073,741,824 bytes • Terabyte (T or TB)—1,099,511,627,776 bytes

  14. Output • Output is data that has been processed into useful form, now called Information. • Types of Output Devices • Hard copy • Printer • Microfilm • Soft copy • Monitor • Projector • Sound

  15. Storage • Storage refers to the media and methods used to keep information available for later use • Examples of storage- Secondary storage • CD • DVD • Flash Drives • Removable hard drives

  16. Working with Software • Understanding • GUI • Operating System • Application Program

  17. GUI (gōō'ē) • Graphical User Interface—Makes computers easier to operate by using pictures and icons to represents files and programs

  18. Operating System • Loads automatically and controls just about everything on your computer.

  19. Application Program • Helps you accomplish a certain task, such as writing a letter, browsing the Internet or playing a game PowerPoint Word Excel Access

  20. Computer Software Hardware InputDevices Mouse Application System Operating System Computer Applications Database Vista Storage CPU RAM ROM Output Device Printer Monitor

  21. Type of Computer • Microcomputer • Supercomputer • Mainframe • Minicomputer

  22. Microcomputer • Personal computer (PC)—Computer that is small enough to fit on a desk, relatively inexpensive, designed for an individual user • Laptop—Also called notebook, portable falls into the category of personal computer

  23. Supercomputer • Fastest type of computer, can store data and perform numerous task simultaneously at incredible speeds. • Used for specialized tasks that requires vast amounts of mathematical calculation such as weather forecasting and medical and weapons research.

  24. Mainframe • Less powerful and less expensive than supercomputer but still capable of storing and processing large amounts of data. • Several hundreds of individuals can use mainframe with their own terminals at the same time.

  25. Minicomputer • Called server, smaller than mainframe larger than microcomputer. • Can support multiple users with their own terminals at the same time.

  26. Boots • Two types: • Warm boot-Refers to restarting a computer that is already turned. Restarting it returns the computer to its initial state. A warm boot is sometimes necessary when a program encounters an error from which it cannot recover. On PCs, you can perform a warm boot by pressing the Control, Alt, and Delete keys simultaneously.

  27. Boots • Cold-The start-up of a computer from a powered-down, or off, state.

  28. Networks • LANs • A computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. • WANs • A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). • MANs • Short for Metropolitan Area Network, a data network designed for a town or city. In terms of geographic breadth, MANs are larger than local-area networks (LANs), but smaller than wide-area networks (WANs).

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