Disaster Risk Management as a Global Agenda

1. Disaster Risk Management as a Global Agenda Session 1World Bank InstituteMargaret Arnold Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   1 1 1 1

2. Disasters are a Development Issue, Not a Humanitarian Issue Natural disasters are a major source of risk for the poor Disasters cause loss of development gains and wealth in developing countries Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   2

3. Natural Hazards are a Major Source of Risk for the Poor Prevalence of death due to disaster is 4 times higher in low-income countries Disasters are an important dimension of poverty – per World Development Report 2000/2001 With similar patterns of disasters, Peru fatalities average 2,900 a year and Japan averages 63 Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   3

4. Disasters Cause Loss of Development Gains and Wealth Annual GDP losses = 2-15% Average yearly losses due to disasters during 1990s= US$63 billion Annual losses of infrastructure during the 1990s due to disasters in Asia alone were about $12 billion about 2/3 total annual lending of the World Bank Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   4

5. Social and Environmental Impacts of Disasters Loss of life Environmental degradation Loss of natural habitats and destruction of ecosystems Disruption of communities and family life Loss of cultural heritage assets Unemployment Migration Differential gender impact Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   5

6. World Bank Disaster-related Lending, 1980-2003: $US 40 billion 8,558 South Asia 2,383 Middle East and North Africa 9,016 Latin America and Caribbean 4,384 Europe and Central Asia 9,154 East Asia and Pacific 7,288 Africa - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 Funding ($m) Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   6

7. Hazard Management Unit • The World Bank’s HMU promotes a strategic response to disaster emergencies and integrates disaster prevention into Bank activities. • We do this by: • Providing technical assistance to operations • Assisting with corporate strategy and policy development • Generating and disseminating knowledge products • Working with partners from the international and academic communities and the private sector to tap into outside expertise Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   7

8. Hazard Risk Management Framework • Risk identification • Hazard maps, GIS systems, vulnerability analysis, risk analysis, understanding the direct, indirect, and secondary effects of disasters • Risk reduction • Structural and non-structural mechanisms (e.g. land use planning, design and construction practices, building codes, early warning systems, preparedness and response plans, public awareness and education) • Risk transfer and financing • Insurance, catastrophe bonds, contingency financing, safety nets, calamity funds, micro-insurance, informal risk sharing arrangements Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   8

9. World Bank Efforts on HRM Aim to: Provide a systematic treatment of HRM at policy and operational levels Provide a framework for: Making hazard risk a standard feature of relevant Country Assistance Strategies and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Assisting clients to develop proactive, national strategies for HRM Developing lending programs that build capacity for effective risk reduction and risk financing Introducing more effective financing and risk transfer mechanisms Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   9

10. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into Country Assistance Strategies Examples of Country Assistance Strategies that incorporate hazard risk management as development priorities: • Colombia • Eastern Caribbean Sub-region • El Salvador • Ethiopia • Honduras • Jamaica • Mozambique • Pacific Regional Strategy • Romania • Turkey • Vietnam Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   10

11. World Bank Operations that are Integrating HRM Recife Urban Upgrading project Vietnam Natural Disaster Mitigation project China Yangtze Dike Strengthening Colombia Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Gujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Program Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   11

12. Working with Partners to Support the Millennium Development Goals through HRM Goal 1 - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 7 - Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8 - Develop a global partnership for development Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   12

13. Working with Partners Towards Risk Reduction • The ProVention Consortium • A network of partners including multilateral organizations, the private sector, academia, the public sector, and civil society • http://www.proventionconsortium.org • The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) • The United Nations platform for disaster reduction • The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) • Working together to bridge relief and development efforts Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkIntroduction to Disaster Risk Management   13