Lecture 4

1. Lecture 4 Closing Diphthongs

2. Revision:中元音： [ə:] [ə] [ʌ] • 写出下列单词的音标并拼读： • 1. acquit 2. adjourn 3. beckon • 4. butt 5. chapel 6. cluster • 7. clutch 8. crimson 9. discern • 10. divert 11. fungus 12. fumble • 13. gutter 14. hurdle 15. hurricane • 16. incur 17. jargon 18. lumber • 19. permanent 20. perch

3. Keys: • 1. [ə’kwit] 2. [ə’jə:n] 3. [’bekən] • 4. [bʌt] 5. [’tʃæpəl] 6. [’klʌstə] • 7. [klʌtʃ] 8. [’krimzən] 9. [di’sə:n] • 10. [di’və:t] 11. [’fʌŋgəs] 12.[’fʌmbl] • 13. [’gʌtə] 14. [’hə:dl] 15.[’hʌrikən] • 16. [in’kə:] 17. [’dʒɑ:gən] 18. [’lʌmbə] • 19. [’pə:mənənt] 20.[pə:tʃ]

4. 英语单词重读 • 1. acknowledge 2. inevitable 3. essential • accuracy infantry escort • 4. obstruct 5. confirm 6. undress • obvious contact uniform • 7. immortal 8. degrade 9. embed • impact decent embassy • 10. enforce • enemy

5. benefit beneficent beneficial democrat democracy democratic intellect intelligence intellectual family familiar familiarity politics political politician personal personify personality photograph photographer photographical competence competitor competition hypocrite hypocrisy hypocritical diplomat diplomacy diplomatic

6. 双元音(8个）： • 合口双元音：[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] • 集中双元音：[iə] [єə] [uə] • 双元音是由两个音合而为一，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，滑动过程中没有任何停顿，第一个音长而响亮，并自然而连贯地向第二个音滑动，第二个音短而含糊，一般来说，由第一个音向第二个音滑动时，不到第二个音的发音部位，即告发音完成。

7. 合口双元音：[ei] [ai] [ɔi] • 根据其牙床由开或半开到半合，舌位由低到高的共性，称之为合口双元音。 • 复习： • [i]: did pig give will • [e]: bed leg says well • [ɔ:]: jaw tore wore saw • [ɑ:]: car jar hard heart

8. [ei] May Day Labor Day No pains, no gains. Great changes have taken place in only one day.

9. a [ei] make, snake (have [hæv]除外) （重读开音节中） • ai, ay [ei] strait, play（重读音节中） • ea [ei] great, break

10. [ai] quite right a nice knife a kind writer Time and tide wait for no man.

11. i, y [ai] like, by (give [giv]除外)（重读开音节中） • ie [ai] die, lie（在重读音节词尾） • igh [ai] right, bright

12. [ɔi] toilet paper joyful boys make a choice The boy was annoyed because his toy was destroyed.

13. oi, oy [ɔi] noise, boy（重读音节中）

14. 合口双元音： [əu] [au] [əu] so cold go home a gold bowl It’s so cold. Please close the window. Don’t go home alone.

15. o [əu] go, rose ( lose [lu:z], whose [hu:z]除外) （重读开音节中） • oa [əu] coat, road (broad [brɔ:d]除外) • ow [əu] know, low

16. [au] out of town a loud sound a brown house thousands of flowers Open your mouth and pronounce the sound loudly.

17. ou [au] house, south (soul [səul]除外) • ow [au] how, now (knowledge [‘nɔlidʒ]除外)（重读音节中）

18. 弱读a /[/ A friend in need is a friend in deed.an /[n/ An apple a day keeps the doctor away.the /T[/ /Tɪ/ The more the better. the apple on the old tablebe /bɪ/ Don’t be late. Do be quiet. I’ll be ready soon.

19. is /z/ /s/ John's at home. It's nice.am /m/ I’m sure I’m right. /[m/ What am I to do?are /[/ Mary and Jane are sisters. What are you doing?was /w[z/ The seat was dirty. What was he doing?

20. been /bɪn/ He’s never been there. We’ve been playing chess.were /w[/ We were not late. Why were you so angry with him? There were some foreigners here.do /du//d[/ /d/ Do you get up early? Why do you work so hard? Do you really think he is so stupid?

21. does /d[z/ How on earth does it work? What does she do on Sundays? Where does this road lead to?has /h[z/ /[z/ Has the post come? She has come. The cook has burned the cakes. have /h[v/ /[v/ The students have left. I have read it. had /h[d/ /[d/ The rooms had been reserved for the guests.

22. can /k[n/ I can see it quite well. What can I do to help you? That can be done in a minute.could /k[d/ He could do it by himself. I wish I could swim.shall /F[l/ I shall be waiting for you. What shall we tell him when we see him? should /F[d/ We should try our best. Everyone should try to do well.

23. will /l/ That’ll do.would /w[d/ /d/ He thought he would go. What would be the best thing to do? You’d succeed if you tried. I’d love to.must /m[st/ That must be done at once. You must remember you’re a beginner.me /mɪ/ He gave me my ticket. Give me two. Don’t look at me like that. It makes me nervous.

24. he /hɪ/ /ɪ/ He told me a story. What did he say? He’s gone before I arrived.him /ɪm/ I wrote him a letter. Give him my best wishes.she /Fɪ/ It is said that she’s going abroad. She told me she hasn’t time.her /h[/ /[/ Her coat is beautiful. I gave her my advice. Her answer surprised her father.

25. we /wɪ/ We’ll work harder. Why are we waiting?us /[s/ /s/ They gave us a warm welcome. Let’s go and see them. I wonder if they saw us.them /T[m/ Give them my best wishes. Please hand these pens to them. at /[t/ at once Don’t look at the clock. I’ll meet you at the gate.

26. from /fr[m/ I can’t tell one from the other. She’s just come back from Italy.for /f[/ /f[r/ Is this for me? That’ll be good for you. We must care for each other.of /[v/ I’ve never heard of it. It is a lot of money. to /t[/ /tU/ I wanted to ask a question. They went to the zoo. Yes, I’d love to.and /[nd/ /[n//n/ Go and tell your uncle. he and I black and white

27. as /[z/ as good as goldthan /T[n/ Better late than never.that /T[t/ He said that he was coming. This is the best that I can do.but /b[t/ It's fine today but rather cold.some /s[m/ Oliver wanted some more.there /T[r/ /T[/ There are lots of books in the library. There’s a girl reading in the room.

28. 弱读练习What am I to do? /5wCt [m aɪ t[ 5dU:/What does she do on Sundays? /5wCt d[z Fɪ 5dU: Cn 5sQndɪz/The students have left. /T[ 5stjU:dnts h[v 5left/He could do it by himself. /hɪ k[d 5dU: ɪt baɪ hɪm5self/We should try our best./wɪ F[d 5traɪ aU[ 5best/I wrote him a letter. /aɪ 5r[Ut hɪm [ 5let[/

29. They gave us a warm welcome. /Teɪ 5geɪv [s [ 5wC:m 5welk[m/Give my best wishes and regards to them./5gɪv maɪ 5best 5wɪFɪz [n rɪ5gB:dz t[ T[m/She’s just come back from England./Fɪz 5dVQst kQm 5bAk fr[m 5ɪNgl[nd/He is a teacher from America. /hɪz [ 5ti:tF[ fr[m [5merɪk[/Better late than never. /5bet[ 5leɪt T[n 5nev[/

30. He said that he was coming to see me. /hɪ 5sed T[t hɪ w[z 5kQmɪN t[ 5si: mɪ/What can I do to help you?/5wCt k[n aɪ 5du: t[ 5help ju/Oliver wanted some more. /5Clɪv[ 5wCntɪd s[m 5mC:/It's fine today but rather cold./ɪts 5faɪn t[5deɪ b[t 5rB:T[ 5k[Uld/The teachers are working hard. /T[ 5ti:tF[z [ 5w[:kiN 5hB:d/The seat was occupied. /T[ 5si:t w[z 5CkjU:paɪd/

31. Here is a letter for you. /hɪ[z [ 5let[ f[ jU:/That must be done at once./5TAt m[st bɪ 5dQn [t 5wQns/They have never been to the Great Wall. /Teɪ h[v 5nev[ bɪn t[ T[ 5greɪt 5wC:l/as good as gold /[z 5gUd [z 5g[Uld/I gave her my valuable advice. /aɪ 5geɪv h[ maɪ 5vAljU:[bl [d5vaɪs/The rooms had been reserved for the guests. /T[ 5rU:mz h[d bɪn rɪ5z[:vd f[ T[ 5gests/That’ll be good for you. /5 TAtl bɪ 5gud f[ ju/I must make a note of that./aɪ m[st 5meɪk [5n[ut [v T[t/

32. 元音的延长与缩短(Lengthening &. Shortening of Vowels) 在不同的情况下，同一元音的长度有所不同，这主要是受它们前后辅音音素的影响。影响元音长度的几种情况: • Ⅰ. 长元音和双元音的读音长短遵循下列规则： • 1、在浊辅音前比在清辅音前要念得长些。如：

33. 2. 在单音节词中比在双音节或多音节词的重读音节中念得长些：

34. 3. 在重读音节中比在非重读音节中念得长。例： 4. 在句末比在句子当中念得长些。如： ①I didn’t mean to hurt you. I don’t know what you mean. ②He wants to know the truth. I’ll tell you all I know.

35. Ⅱ. 和长元音一样，短元音在浊辅音前也比在清辅音前念得长些。如: • Ⅲ. 短元音[]在清浊辅音前都念得比其它短元音长，有时甚至可以用[:]或[.]来表示其长度。如: Is it as bad as that? [z t 5z 5b:d z 5:t] That’s really sad news. [5ts 5rl 5s:d 5nju:z]