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LAMP & BALLAST

LAMP & BALLAST. RECYCLING. Sponsored by a partnership of the:. For the U.S. Department of Energy’s Rebuild America Program. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Association of Lighting and Mercury Recyclers (ALMR). Recycling- Who Needs to Know ?. Government Government buildings

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LAMP & BALLAST

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  1. LAMP & BALLAST RECYCLING

  2. Sponsored by a partnership of the: For the U.S. Department of Energy’s Rebuild America Program National Electrical Manufacturers Association Association of Lighting and Mercury Recyclers (ALMR)

  3. Recycling- Who Needs to Know ? • Government • Government buildings • Local enforcement agencies • Public Works agencies and associations • Solid waste agencies • School districts

  4. Recycling- Who Needs to Know ? • Business • Institutions, universities, hospitals • Building & commercial property owners • Contractors: lighting, maintenance, energy efficiency, demolition, etc. • Estimated 10 million individual businesses in U.S. • Public (exempt from regulations) • Households may choose to recycle

  5. What You Need to Know • Mercury and Hazardous Waste: • What lamps contain mercury? • How does mercury get into the environment? • Who regulates disposal? • Who is responsible for mercury-waste management? • How can you dispose of mercury-containing lamps properly?

  6. Which Lamps Contain Mercury?

  7. Mercury-Containing Lamps Fluorescent & HID Lamps

  8. Which Lamps Contain Mercury? • Fluorescents • High Intensity Discharge • Mercury Vapor • Metal halide • High Pressure Sodium • Neon • Some specialty lamps

  9. Phosphor Visible Light Electron UV Radiation Hot Cathode Mercury Atom Fluorescent Lamp Operation A small amount of mercury in the lamp enables the phosphors to “fluoresce”, producing visible light

  10. HID Lamp Operation Mercury Vapor Mercury is used to produce visible light, or to start and regulate the lamps Metal Halide HighPressureSodium

  11. Mercury-Containing Lamps: Energy Efficient • Energy efficiency is the key… • Mercury-containing lamps • Save energy • Reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases • Lower energy production needs • Trade off • The mercury from spent lighting can be a problem if released in the environment Proper management of spent lamps makes for a win-win solution

  12. Many People Handle Lamps • Janitors • Maintenance workers • Truck drivers • Trash handlers, etc.

  13. How Does Mercury Get into the Environment?

  14. Industrial, Mining & Agricultural Precipitation Urban & RuralRunoff Waste Water Treatment Fish The Mercury Cycle

  15. The Mercury Cycle Industrial, Mining & Agricultural Precipitation Urban & RuralRunoff Fisherman Waste Water Treatment THEFOODCHAIN Fish

  16. Who Regulates Disposal?

  17. 1990-1999 1999-Pres. Future Historical Lamp Disposal Problem 80 70 60 50 % Recycling 40 30 20 10 0 EPA Goal = 80% Recycling

  18. Universal Waste Rule Universal Waste Rule (UWR) 40 CFR Part 273 See Federal Register July 6, 1999, Volume 64 Number 128, pp 36465-36490

  19. Universal Waste Lamp Any lamp having a hazardous characteristic, not limited to mercury, and including lead or other metals, can be managed as a Universal Waste

  20. Universal Waste Lamp Mercury is the major concern. The EPA encourages all handlers of spent lamps, whether hazardous or not, to manage them under the Universal Waste provisions of 40 CFR part 273

  21. Features of the Federal Policy (UWR) • Encourages recycling • Paperwork is easier • Transportation costs are less • Expensive analytical testing is not required • Anyone can become a “handler”

  22. Features of the Federal Policy • Individuals & very small businesses may be exempt- check with state • Optional for Households and CESQGs * (<100kg/mo every month for 12 months, total hazardous waste, including lamps) • Not optional in many states; states control • No exemption from pollution liability * Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator

  23. Features of the Federal Policy • Whole lamps are exempt from the H W manifesting • Shippers/generators may use a Bill of Lading (BOL) for recycling • EPA tries to remove the stigma of managing a “hazardous waste” by allowing Universal Wastes to be handled like other “commodities”

  24. Features of the Federal Policy • Broken lamps require a closed container that is structurally sound to prevent leakage or release of mercury • Many states don’t allow intentional crushing of lamps to reduce volume. Crushers must comply with OSHA and RCRA requirements

  25. Features of the Federal Policy • Normally, costly analytical testing is required to make the hazardous waste determination • With Universal Waste recycling, no testing is required

  26. Features of the Federal Policy • May use any common carrier instead of a certified hazardous waste hauler for shipment to a recycling facility • May also use common package carriers • May self-transport …this lowers shipping costs

  27. Features of the Federal Policy • Allows anyone to collect lamps provided they are taken to a “Destination Facility” • Allows anyone to be a “handler”, and to store lamps up to one year • Imposes minimal training and labeling requirements on generators and handlers

  28. Who is Responsible for Mercury Waste Management?

  29. Generator Anyone who creates waste mercury lamps (a RCRA characteristic waste >0.2mg/l TCLP*) * TCLP Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure: Test for potential for migration of mercury from a landfill

  30. Categories of Generators Household: Individual

  31. Categories of Generators CESQG:Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator • Less than 100 kg total HW per month

  32. Categories of Generators SQG:Small Quantity Generator • Greater than 100kg and less than 1000 kg total per month

  33. Categories of Generators LQG: Large Quantity Generator • Greaterthan 1000 kg per month

  34. Categories of Handlers • SQHUW • Small Quantity Handler Universal Waste • LQHUW • Large Quantity Handler Universal Waste

  35. SQHUW • A generator or third party who accumulates less than 5,000 kg at a time, up to one year. • Requirements (40 CFR 273.10) • No EPA registration • Training and information on handling mercury lamps and emergency procedures • Proper marking and labeling  

  36. LQHUW • A generator or third party who accumulates greater than 5,000 kg at a time, up to one year • Requirements (40 CFR 273.30) • EPA or state registration and ID#. • Training and information on handling mercury lamps and emergency procedures • Proper marking and labeling

  37. UW Transfer Facility A non-permitted temporary storage location for <10 days

  38. Transporter • One who transports UW lamps for <10 days • Requirements (40 CFR 273.50) • No EPA registration • Proper marking and labeling

  39. Destination Facility These are typically the recycling facilities that must comply with stringent requirements

  40. Household Hazardous Waste • Local government may sponsor programs allow citizens & very small businesses to drop off materials at no cost • Not allowed for larger businesses • Contact your local government agency

  41. The Bottom Line Non-exempt generators, handlers and transporters are not allowed to dispose of hazardous lamps into municipal landfills, and must either: • Manage them as hazardous waste, or • Recycle them

  42. Guidelines… • States still have the final word • Many states are more stringent than EPA- some have completely banned mercury products from landfilling • How will you know what to do in your state? www.lamprecycle.org www.almr.org

  43. What About Ballasts? Magnetic Ballasts with PCBs Ballasts Labeled “No PCBs” 1970 1980 1990 2000 1978 PCBsBanned Ballasts produced since 1978 do not contain capacitors with PCBs: hence, only a limited number of known PCB ballasts still exists

  44. Ballast Operation A ballast provides operating power to a fluorescent or HID lamp

  45. US EPA PCB Mega Rule (8/28/98) • More strict than previous policy due to evidence and concerns about >50 ppm PCB in the potting compound • Final Rule (63 FR 35383-35474) and 40 CFR Part 761 • Need to go the TSCA* approved facilities, such as recycling or incineration * Toxic Substances Control Act: Law that regulates hazardous substances

  46. How Can You Dispose of Mercury-Containing Lamps Properly?

  47. Lamp Recycling Legal Options for Lamps* • Recycling • A safe & compliant choice in any state • Landfilling in special hazardous waste landfills (specifically permitted to contain mercury) • Less preferred & more costly in some states • Mixing with trash • Not allowed! * For non-exempt lamps

  48. What Lamp Recycling Does • Removes hazardous characteristic of mercury from lamps • Separates & makes all materials reusable • Recycles mercury into lamps and other products • 150,000 tons of waste can be diverted from landfills  

  49. Proper Management • It’s easier to properly manage spent lamps than before… • Nationally, movement is growing to require recycling for all mercury lamps

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