1 / 47

METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVE: INTRODUCTION

Jacobs: Neighbourhood analysis Metro perspective: Growth and development of the whole city Advantages:. Look at neighbourhood ills caused outside the neighbourhood Address basic questions of urban politics. METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVE: INTRODUCTION. TERMS. METROPOLITAN AREA.

kiana
Download Presentation

METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVE: INTRODUCTION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Jacobs: Neighbourhood analysis Metro perspective: Growth and development of the whole city Advantages: Look at neighbourhood ills caused outside the neighbourhood Address basic questions of urban politics METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVE:INTRODUCTION

  2. TERMS

  3. METROPOLITAN AREA • Inner city + suburbs + exurban areas • “COMMUTERSHED”

  4. Mixed uses = primary mixed uses or secondary diversity Density: Persons per hectare Persons per square kilometre Dwelling units (du) per acre Ratio of floor space to lot size (FAR) MORE TERMS

  5. GROSS POPULATION PER HA. • TORONTO: • 1970 57 • 1980 40 • 1986 35 • WINNIPEG: • 2001 13

  6. High-density downtown core: Typical ratios 6:1 9:1 12:1 FLOOR AREA RATIOS (FARs)

  7. TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

  8. TWO MORE TERMS • Sprawl: Low-density, single-use development • Leapfrog development: Sprawl on steroids

  9. WHY DO DENSITY AND USE MIXTURES MATTER? • Auto dependence • Mixed uses and transit viability • Density and transit viability

  10. REMINDER: TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

  11. REQUIRED DENSITIES FOR DIFFERENT TRANSIT TYPES

  12. VICIOUS CYCLE OF TRANSIT DECLINE • Decrease in number of riders • More expense per bus • Service cuts/fare increases • More decreases in numbers of riders

  13. SOCIAL ISOLATION • Elderly • Young • Disabled • Low-income

  14. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION Is it reasonable to suggest that social isolation of the poor, the elderly, the young, and disabled people are all caused by sprawl?

  15. CONVENTIONAL PATTERN I: CONCENTRIC CIRCLES • Suburbs • Exurbs • Downtown

  16. Mythology: Self-reliance and individualism Reality: Cities are collective entities Suburbs are paid for, partly out of general revenues THE SUBURBS

  17. WHY WE CHOOSE SUBURBS • Rural fundamentalism • Love affair with the automobile • Choice, or so it seems

  18. Large developers Mortgage guarantees, subsidies Planning rules Examples: Use separation Minimum lot sizes Minimum pavement width Set-backs CORPORATE SUBURBS: ORIGINS

  19. DON MILLS, TOP OF P. 27

  20. HOW CITIES DEVELOP:A LARGE CORPORATION • Servicing • Building • Design • Commercial property • Industrial property • Profits

  21. WHAT’S WRONG WITH THAT? • Not profit per se • Creation of a political force • This is how development is governed

  22. TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS - N. AMERICA • Starts with developers’ land purchase • Proceeds with developer’s proposal • Negotiation with city planners • Council approval • Development plans first • Transportation plans follow

  23. TYPICAL EUROPEAN PROCESS • Transportation plan comes first • Land use follows

  24. Peaking of traffic “Fixing” the problem makes it worse Traffic shifts POLITICS OF AUTO DEPENDENCE • Route • Time • Mode • New automobile-oriented development

  25. MORE POLITICS OF AUTO DEPENDENCE • Geographic patterns of political conflict • Inefficient use of land, energy, building materials • Suburbs good for kids? • Parochialism • Emptiness of streets • Class and racial segregation

  26. THE METROPOLITAN EFFECT • Overdevelopment or underdevelopment of the centre • Decline or death of transit • Decline of infrastructure

  27. INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING: NEEDED & ACTUAL (millions)

  28. THE GOOD NEWS • There’s finally a recognition of the problem • Federal and provincial governments are contributing to the solution

  29. PROBLEMS • Financing by PPPs • Sewer upgrades eat up the biggest part • Regional water utility • No real recognition of causes

  30. FINANCING EXIT FROM THE CITY • McGillivray Blvd • Highway 90 north of Inkster • Pembina Highway • McPhillips • Wilkes Ave/Sterling Lyon Pkwy • Next: Kenaston to perimeter

  31. REMINDER: CONVENTIONAL PATTERN ICONCENTRIC CIRCLES • Suburbs • Exurbs • Downtown

  32. Escalation of costs Tax revolt Edge cities CONVENTIONAL PATTERN II

  33. EDGE CITIES • Extension of the metropolitan area • Full range of land uses • Single-use • Low-density • Auto-dependent sprawl

  34. EFFECT ON SOCIETY AS A WHOLE • Privatization of public space • The suburban majority

  35. INNER-CITY DECAY • The Bronx • Drug wars • Disease • The case of Bedford-Stuyvesant

  36. DOWNWARD SPIRAL • Deteriorating services • Slumlords/loan sharks • First wave of fires • Abandoned buldings • Second wave of fires

  37. WINNIPEG • 1950s: Lively downtown • Declining commercial areas • Housing decay • Gangs • Arson

  38. Suburban expansion Flight from inner city Concentration of poverty Need for road expansion Cuts up neighbourhoods Reduces their attractiveness Erosion of tax base Cuts in municipal services Neighbourhood decay Lawlessness Abandonment Fires INTERRELATED CAUSES OF DOWNTOWN DECAY: SUMMARY

  39. POLICIES IN WINNIPEG • WHHI • Incentives for infill housing development • Neighbourhoods al!ve • Centreventure • Re-write of the zoning code • Fix up the damage, but don’t try to stop it • So how do we stop it?

  40. REVIEW • Neighbourhood perspective • Metropolitan perspective

  41. REVIEW (cont’d)

  42. REVIEW(cont’d)

More Related