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Chapter 14 APUSH Mrs. Price

Chapter 14 APUSH Mrs. Price. “I am a firm believer in the people. If given the truth, they can be depended upon to meet any national crises. The great point is to bring them the real facts.” - Abraham Lincoln. Secession!. South Carolina: December 20, 1860

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Chapter 14 APUSH Mrs. Price

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  1. Chapter 14APUSHMrs. Price “I am a firm believer in the people. If given the truth, they can be depended upon to meet any national crises. The great point is to bring them the real facts.” - Abraham Lincoln

  2. Secession! • South Carolina: December 20, 1860 • President Buchanan: SC can’t leave but govt has no authority to stop them • 6 more leave from December to April: MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX • Feb 1861: Confederate States of America formed • Crittenden Compromise: last ditch effort to keep states in union

  3. Pres. Lincoln: Union is older than Constitution, no state can leave union • Fort Sumter seized (April 12-13, 1861) • 4 more leave (VA, AR, TN, NC)

  4. Anderson (N) vs. Beauregard (S) Only casualty: a horse Fort Sumter, SC

  5. Strengths & Weaknesses of the Union vs. the Confederacy

  6. Union: More People

  7. 66% of railroad track miles Lines more integrated Union: Better Transportation System

  8. Union: More Industrial Capacity

  9. Other Union Advantages • More farms - 67% • Better navy • More wealth produced - 75%

  10. Union Disadvantages • Fighting on unfamiliar land • Long lines of communication • Hostile local populations • Public opinion divided

  11. Confederate Advantages • Strong local support • Familiar with territory • Strong trade relationship with England & France • Good generals • Trained soldiers

  12. Confederate Disadvantages • Few people - 39% • Little industry - 19% of factories - had to rely on imports • Poor Transportation System

  13. Wartime Politics: The Union • Lincoln enlarged power of president • Suppressed opposition - Military arrests of civilians - Suspended right of habeas corpus

  14. Jefferson Davis was a weaker leader Too focused on details Wartime Politics: The Confederacy

  15. Financing the War • Union: taxes (including income), issued paper currency, borrowing • Confederacy: issued paper currency = high inflation, income tax, money from states

  16. Inflation in the South

  17. Over 2 million At 1st volunteers 1863: conscription law (46,000 drafted) Exemptions caused oppositions & riots Soldiers: The Union

  18. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

  19. 900,000 1st volunteers April 1862: Conscription Act – many exemptions Also used slave labor Faced manpower shortage in 1864 Soldiers: The Confederacy

  20. Women & the Civil War • Filled positions vacated by men • Critical in nursing (US Sanitary Commission) • Challenged gender stereotypes in North & especially in South

  21. African Americans in the Civil War • Enlisted in Union Army; 10% by end of war • Paid less • Most assigned menial tasks • Some black fighting units (54th Massachusetts Infantry) • South refused to recognize black Union soldiers – captured they were sent back to slavery or executed

  22. April 12, 1864 After Union troops surrendered, Confederates killed over 200 black Union soldiers and some whites Massacre at Fort Pillow, TN

  23. Slavery & the War • Divided Republican Party - Radicals: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Summer, Benjamin Wade; wanted to use war to abolish slavery immediately - Conservatives: favored a slower, more gradual process of emancipation

  24. Slavery & the War • 1861 Confiscation Act: declared all slaves used in support of the military effort would be considered free • 1862: Slavery is abolished in DC & western territories • Sept 1862: Lincoln announces his intention to issue Emancipation Proclamation in Jan 1863

  25. Emancipation Proclamation • Jan 1, 1863 • Declares “forever free” slaves in areas in rebellion • Didn’t apply to border states • Now war was being fought over slavery, not just to preserve the union • Prevented England from aiding Confederacy

  26. Repeating weapons (rifle, machine gun) Minie ball: new bullet Changed how soldiers fought (trench warfare) Ironclad ships – end to wooden navies New Technologies

  27. Strategy: The Union • The Anaconda Plan • 3 Parts: 1. Blockade Southern ports 2. Capture the Mississippi to split Confederacy in two 3. Capture Confederate capital (Richmond, VA)

  28. Strategy: The Confederacy • Mostly defensive • Invade the Union if possible • Try to get the Border states to secede

  29. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan,Again!

  30. The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

  31. Major Battles of the Civil War

  32. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • July 21, 1861 • McDowell(N) vs. Beauregard/Johnston(S) • Union retreat • Had psychological & political impact

  33. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861

  34. Wilson’s Creek • August 10, 1861 • Secessionist forces in MO vs. Union • Union loss but seriously weakened confederate cause in MO and allowed the Union to hold onto the state

  35. Shiloh • April 6 - 7, 1862 in TN • Grant (N) vs. Johnston (S) • Union: 1,754 killed; 8,408 wounded; 2,885 captured • Confederates: 1,723 killed; 8,012 wounded; 959 missing • Union Victory

  36. New Orleans • April 26, 1862 • Union captures city • David Farragut • Closed mouth of Mississippi River to Confederate trade = now South could not support its troops in west • City was largest & a banking center

  37. 2nd Battle of Bull Run • August 29, 1862 • Pope (N) vs. Lee & Jackson (S) • Confederate win

  38. September 17, 1862 McClellan (N) vs. Lee (S) Copy of Lee’s orders found by Union Single bloodiest day of the war Antietam

  39. Chancellorsville • May 1-5, 1863 • Hooker (N) vs. Lee/Jackson (S) • Union retreat • Stonewall Jackson killed

  40. Siege of Vicksburg • May 22 – July 4, 1863 • Surrendered to Grant (N) • Key region for control of Mississippi River

  41. Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Began when a Confederate Infantry Brigade marching eastward in search of shoes clashed with 2 Union cavalry brigades • Meade (N) vs. Lee (S) • Union win • Heavy casualties • Stopped Confederate invasion of North

  42. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

  43. Gettysburg Casualties

  44. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sept 1864: captured and burned Atlanta • Marched through GA to Savannah • 60,000 men cut a 60 mile wide path – destroyed everything • Turned North and went through SC & NC

  45. Sherman’s“Marchto theSea”

  46. Election of 1864 • Republicans & War Democrats = formed Union Party • Union: Lincoln & Andrew Johnson • Democrat: George McClellan • Union victories turned tide of election

  47. Union Troops Capture Richmond

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