Laboratory for Cognitive Neuropsychology

1. Laboratory for Cognitive Neuropsychology 實驗室負責人：洪蘭教授、曾志朗教授

2. philosophy psychology linguistics artificial intelligence anthropology neuroscience Introduction

3. Tools • Event related potential(ERP) • Eye tracker • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) • MEG

5. Characteristics of Written Chinese • Chinese Reading Research • Character recognition • Normal Reading

11. Event related potential(ERP)

13. SOA=100ms 很車 夫妻 Prime Target N400 effects for semantic v.s control (P<.01)

14. blank 800ms Paradigm: Prime 100ms Target 500ms Probe Conditions Prime Target 很/hen[3]/ <very> 車/che[1]/ <vehicle> Control 夫/fu[1]/ <husband> 妻/qi[1]/ <wife> Semantic 楓/feng[1]/ <wind> Regular 雨/yu[3]/ <rain> 猜/qing[1]/ <blue> 紫/zi[3]/ <purple> Irregular An ERP Study for the Sublexical Semantic Processing in Reading Chinese Phonograms Purpose:To determine whether the N400 can be elicited in both lexical and sublexical conditions.

15. 時→日(意旁) 寺(音旁)→廟

16. SOA=100ms Prime Target SOA=50ms Prime Target N400 N400 N400 SOA=300ms Target Prime

17. Psychological experiment:response time,error rate & threshold

18. Eye tracker

20. Eye Movements in Reading Chinese Regressive Saccade Fixation Saccade EYELINK System WHERE the eyes go ? WHEN the eyes move ? 大英博物館所收藏的古物幾乎涵蓋世界上每個地方和時代 • The eye behavior is constrained mainly by • the cognitive processes and visual influence. • The eye tracking technique provides a • possibility to study the reading processes • in an ecologically natural situation.

21. Pursuing Issues of Chinese Reading ? 大英博物館所收藏的古物幾乎涵蓋世界上每個地方和時代 • The number of characters being processed on a fixation when reading Chinese. • (Moving window paradigm) • The level of processing for the characters in peripheral of a fixation. • (Boundary paradigm) • Early processing of phonology for character on a fixation. • (Fast priming paradigm) • The factors to constrain the selection of the next saccade location. • character-based, word-based or others ? • when does word parsing begin ?

22. Some Interesting Topics • An eye movement control theory for Chinese reading. • The neural system of generating saccades. • The mechanisms of voluntary and involuntary saccades. • Attention (visual search) and eye movements. • Face recognition, problem solving, chess playing, etc…

24. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

25. fMRI Studies of Chinese Character/Word Processing Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory National Yang-Ming University

26. An Event-Related fMRI Study for the Frequency and Consistency Effects in Naming Chinese Phonograms

27. Uncorrected P < .001, voxel size > 10

28. Kuo et al., 2001 Reading English Words Fiez et al., 1998 Reading Chinese Words The brain areas involved in English reading and Chinese reading are similar except for the activation in theleft superior parietalcortex for processing Chinese characters. The left superior parietal activation seems to reflect the possibility of the visuospatial analysis in Chinese character.

29. Phonological Processing of Chinese Character Phonological processing of Chinese characters recruited a extensively distributed network, including anterior and posterior parts of the brain.

30. Character Processing Frequency Effect of Chinese

31. Memory • Recognition • Central executive system False memory (false recognition) Error detection

32. (1) False Memory • With verbal material, false memory refers to the tendency that subjects make “false alarm” responses to unstudied theme items and endorse such items as previously encountered. Hot, snow, warm, winter, ice, wet, frigid, chilly, heat, Weather, freeze, air, shiver, Arctic, frost Cold (Roediger, H. L. and McDermott K. B., 1995.)

33. “cold” Johnson M. K. et al., 1997.

34. (1) Physiological index of monitoring action • Following EMG onset around 100~150ms(50~70ms post keypress) • Amplitude: >2uv(depend on individual) • Distribution : over the front & middle of the scalp, fronto-central scalp locations

35. Brain Electric Source Analysis(BESA) • From human & animals studies somewhere along the Medial Prefrontal Cortex • most likely within the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Holroyd et al.,(1998). Neuroscience Letters, 242,65-68.

36. The neurocorrelates of impulsive violent behaviors and the inhibition mechanism : An ERP study

37. Procedure Cue Target Response( to the target) SOA=50ms 100ms 50ms

38. Experiment 2 ERP result : simple go/nogo taskeffects of target type Nogo response Right response Left response The nogo targets differed significantly from the go targets in the interval from 200-280 ms. Target Fz Fz University students : 8

39. Neuropsychology researches in patients Spatial ability Autism, William Syndrome and Down’s Syndrome Language Aphasia, Dyslexia, and Deaf Memory Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's disease

40. In Language Aphasia, Dyslexia, and Deaf • AphasiaBroca’s vs. Wernicke’s aphasiaNoun vs. Verb • DyslexiaChinese reading ability • Deafwithout auditory inputSign language – visual spatial languageChinese reading ability

41. Autism, William Syndrome and Down’s Syndrome

46. 實驗室成員 研究員洪　蘭，國立陽明大學曾志朗，中央研究院李俊仁，私立輔仁大學蔡介立，國立陽明大學李佳穎，中央研究院郭文瑞，國立陽明大學博士班學生田意民，國立中正大學許靜芬，國立清華大學邱容霜，國立陽明大學金榮泰，國立陽明大學陳昭文，國立陽明大學蔡佳津，國立陽明大學顏妙璇，國立陽明大學碩士班學生黃緒文，國立陽明大學賈曉箴，國立陽明大學李宜蓓，國立陽明大學汪勁安，國立陽明大學林芷萱，國立陽明大學孫心梅，國立陽明大學歐陽秀宜，國立陽明大學