Do Now:

1. Do Now: Grab Agenda 5:6 (School Space or Out Box) Why did we declare our independence from Great Britain?

2. Objective:The French Revolution WHII.6d and e TSWDK of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries by explaining the political, religious, and social ideas of the Enlightenment and the ways in which they influenced the founders of the United States, and by describing the French Revolution.

3. The French Revolution • The American Revolution • The Situation in France • “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’”

4. The American Revolution The Colonies • The Virginia Colony was founded in 1607 with the Charters of the Virginia Company of London. Amongst other things, the colony was founded with the understanding that the colonists would retain the rights of Englishmen, which included: • Jury trial • Due process • Taxation by consent • The rest of the 13 colonies were founded with these same rights of Englishmen. • All 13 colonies were also created with an elected legislature and an appointed (by the king) governor. (Courts varied).

5. The American Revolution Revolution • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. • According to the Enlightenment… • The purpose of government is for self-protection (?)

6. The American Revolution Revolution • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. • According to the Enlightenment… • The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) • The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (?)

7. The American Revolution Revolution • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. • According to the Enlightenment… • The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) • The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) • The government is a contract between rulers and the people (?)

8. The American Revolution Revolution • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. • According to the Enlightenment… • The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) • The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) • The government is a contract between rulers and the people (Rousseau) • If a government breaks its contract with the people, the people have a right to revolt and change their government to one that will not break its contract (?)

9. The American Revolution Revolution • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. • According to the Enlightenment… • The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) • The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) • The government is a contract between rulers and the people (Rousseau) • If a government breaks its contract with the people, the people have a right to revolt and change their government to one that will not break its contract (Locke)

10. The American Revolution U.S. Constitution • The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. • According to the Enlightenment… • The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (?)

11. The American Revolution U.S. Constitution • The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. • According to the Enlightenment… • The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (Montesquieu) • Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; there should be a separation of church and state (?)

12. The American Revolution U.S. Constitution • The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. • According to the Enlightenment… • The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (Montesquieu) • Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; there should be a separation of church and state (Voltaire)

13. The Situation in France Society • Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed

14. The Situation in France Society • Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed • Second Estate – the nobles; about 8 % of the population; taxed somewhat but were able to enjoy the luxuries taxes paid for

15. The Situation in France Society • Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed • Second Estate – the nobles; about 8 % of the population; taxed somewhat but were able to enjoy the luxuries taxes paid for • First Estate – the clergy; about 2% of the population; rarely taxed; enjoyed many exemptions from French law

16. The Situation in France Louis XIV • 1643-1715 • Palace of Versailles • “L’etat, c’estmoi!” (“I am the State!”)

17. The Situation in France Louis XV • 1715-1774 • Seven Years’ War • Great Britain vs. France • Fought in Europe and in North America • France lost • “Apresmoi, de deluge” (“After me, the deluge [flood]!”)

18. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette • 1773-1793 • Supported the colonists in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 (won) • Horrible Histories: Wife Swap

19. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • To deal with the frustration, the Third Estate tried to meet with the other two Estates but they were just ignored. • So they (3rd Estate) met in a National Assembly and drafted a declaration that expresses Enlightenment ideas about equal rights for all. These freedoms included: • All men are equal • Rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression • The people are sovereign • Due process • Free speech • Freedom of religion

20. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” “Viva la’revolucion!” • Horrible Histories: French Revolution Report Storming the Bastille!! • The Bastille was a medieval fortress and prison in Paris. It represented royal authority in the center of Paris. • By July 1789, the people had had enough. So, in anger, on July 14, the people stormed the Bastille.

21. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror • Some of the French leaders believed that Louis XVI was conspiring with the Austrians (Marie Antoinette was Austrian) to return to the throne so the revolutionaries got rid of himby executing him in January 1793 (head off).

22. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror • Some of the French leaders believed that Louis XVI was conspiring with the Austrians (Marie Antoinette was Austrian) to return to the throne so the revolutionaries got rid of himby executing him in January 1793 (head off). • Marie Antoinette lost her head that October.

23. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror (continued) • Jean Paul Marat, one of the leaders of the revolutionaries in the French Revolution said, “Let the blood of these traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country!” • The Reign of Terror lasted for two years – 1793-1794

24. “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror (continued) • Maximillian Robespierre, leader of the revolution during this reign of terror killed anyone that disagreed with him, which ranged anywhere from 16,000 to 40,000 beheadings! • Reign of Terror ended with the execution (beheading) of Robespierre

25. Conclusion • Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the writing of the Declaration of Independence. • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolutions in North America and France. • The ideas of the Enlightenment and the events of the American Revolution led the French people to view their government in new ways. • Influenced by the events in Great Britain and her colonies, the French tried and executed their monarchs for violating the rights of the people. • The trial and execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette marked the end of absolute monarchy in France.