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Modal verbs

Modal verbs. Ainhoa Colet , Marina Griera , Maria Menéndez and Anni Schlueter. INDEX. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS WHEN DO WE USE MODAL VERBS TYPES EXERCISES. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS?. Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs . c an  could m ay  might

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Modal verbs

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  1. Modal verbs Ainhoa Colet, Marina Griera, Maria Menéndez and AnniSchlueter

  2. INDEX • WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS • WHEN DO WE USE MODAL VERBS • TYPES • EXERCISES

  3. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. cancould may might mustought to shall should will would

  4. Differences: • Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9:00.

  5. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. He should not be late. They might not come to the party.

  6. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard. Not Correct

  7. WHEN DO WE USE MODAL VERBS?

  8. TYPES • Obligationandpermission • Necessity • Abilityandpossibility • Assumptionsandinterpretations • Suggestingandadvising 1 • Suggestingandadvising 2 • Probabilityandcertainty

  9. Obligation and Permission

  10. Necessity • Need + infinitive with to • I need to lose some weight, i will go to the gim. • Not need/needn’t • Don’t need + infinitive with to OR needn’t + infinitive without to • You needn’t apologize, you have done nothing wrong. • Will/won’t need + infinitive with to • I won’t need to book a ticket in advance. • Didn’t need + infinitive with to • I didn’t need to ask because I already knew the answer. • Needn’t have + past participle • I needn’t have worried because in fact everything was fine.

  11. Need + -ing/need to be + past participle Your hair needs cutting/ to be cut. There + be+ no need (+ for someone) + infinitive with to There’s no need (for you) to get upset – I’m only joking.

  12. Ability • General Ability: somethingthat once youhavelearned, you can do itany time youwant. • SpecificAbility: somethingyou can do ornot in a particular situation In thepresent: • Can/Can’tGeneral/Specific In thepast: • Could/Couldn’t: General • Couldn’t/WasabletoSpecific • Could + have + PastParticiple Abilitysomeonehad in thepastbutdidn’t use In thefuture: • Will/Won’t be abletoGeneral • Can/Can’tSpecific

  13. Possibility • “The way I see/feel things in the present circumstances, it is possible that (if I have anything to do with it) ...could/might/may/can…” The way I feel things in the present circumstances, it is possible that I could win the lottery this weekend The way I see things in the present circumstances, it is possible that, if I have anything to do with it, Barça will be the best football team in the world in 5 years

  14. Could and Might: expressremoteness of past time, unlikelyoccurrence and shynessorrespect. I couldhave won thelotteryif I hadboughtthe ticket I mightwinthelotteryif I buy a ticket • May and Might: express a more personal involvement in thecreation of thepossibility. I maybecomerichif i playthelottery I might be abletobuy a new houseif I playthelottery

  15. Assumptions • Must: • Sure/certainthatsomethingis true • Used in affirmativesentences Youhavebeenpractisingallday, youmust be exhausted • Can’t / Couldn’t: • Certainthatsomethingisnot true or real. • Used in negativesentences Thatcan’t be myhusband, he is in London.

  16. Interpretations May, mightorcould Possibleinterpretation of a situation, action or event. • May (not)/might (not)/could+ infinitivewithou to [PRESENT SIMPLE] Theymay be out. • May (not)/might (not)/could + continuousinfinitivewithout to [PRESENT CONTINUOUS] He might be joking. • May (not)/might (not)/could+ perfectinfinitivewithout to [PAST SIMPLE/PRESENT PERFECT] He couldhavelostmyadress. • May (not)/might (not)/could+ perfectcontinuousinfinitivewithout to [PAST CONTINUOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTIN.] She mightnothavebeenearningtoomuch.

  17. Suggesting and advising 1 • Should/ought to + infinitive (without to) [PRESENT/FUTURE] Should I takethejob or not? You ought to tell thetruthat all times. • Should/ought to + continuousinfinitive[PRESENT CONTINUOUS] Youshould be thinkingaboutyourfuture. Ihavetakenthetablets and I oughtto be feelingbetter, but I stillfeelbad.

  18. Should/ought to + perfectinfinitive [PAST SIMPLE/PRESENT PERFECT] Yououghttohavebeen more careful. Theyshouldn’thavelostthe match, theywerebetter. • Should/ought to + perfectcontinuousinfinitive [PAST CONITNUOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS] I shouldhavebeenstudyingbut I wasenjoyingmyself. Ioughttohavebeenmaking more progressthan I was. Note: thenegativeforms of ought to areoughtn’tandoughtnot, butthosearenotoftenused (shouldn’t).

  19. Suggesting and advising 2 Suggest, recommendandpropose • Present verb (that) + secondsubject + subjunctive/ (should) infinitivewithout to Isuggest(that) youaccepttheoffer. • Past verb (that) + secondsubject + subjunctive/ (should) infinitivewithout to Sheproposed (that) they (should) starttheirowncompany. • Verb + -ing Theyrecommendedlivingtherebecause of thepleasantway of live.

  20. Aditional structures with recommend • Recommendsomeone + infinitivewith to Theyrecommendyou to bookearly. • Recommendsomeonesomething (questonsonly) Couldyourecommend me a good hotel? • Recommendsomething to someone Iwouldn’trecommendthis restaurant to anyone, thefoodwastasteless.

  21. Adviseandwarn • Verb + someone (+ not) + infinitivewith to Iwarnedyounot to trust him. • Verb + someone (+ that) + secondsubject + should + infinitivewithout to Myteacheradvised me (that) I shouldreadthisbook. • Verb + someone (+ that) + secondsubject + reportedspeech Iadvisedherthatitwas a bad idea. • Verb + someoneagainst + -ing Iwarnedyouagainsttrustinghim.

  22. Probability and certainty To say how sure we are about something that had happened/ is happening or will happen. 1- To talk about the present: must + infinitive might/ might not + infinitive could/ could not + infinitive may/ may not + infinitive can’t + infinitive will/ won’t = he will be at the supermarket buying food should/ shouldn’t = we should be there in 10 minutes it shouldn’t take a long time drive to the station can = whether can be worse in London

  23. 2- To talk about the past: might/ might not + have + past participle = she might have worked late could/ couldn’t + have + part participle = he must have written the letter may/ may not + have+ past participle = they may have loosen the bus can’t + have + past participle = she can’t have gone to the party will/ won’t + have + past participle = the train will arrive before now should + have + past participle = the plane should have left by now could + have + past participle = he could have been working late

  24. SONG • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmezIIrFQmY

  25. ADVICE COLUMNS

  26. We (must) thank you for listening

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