1 / 14

To make your language fluid, you must do two things

Bridge discontinuities. Sentence #1. Sentence #2. To make your language fluid, you must do two things. Vary sentence rhythms. Z. Z. Z. When sentence openers do not vary, the sentences do not seem to connect.

keran
Download Presentation

To make your language fluid, you must do two things

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bridge discontinuities Sentence #1 Sentence #2 To make your language fluid, you must do two things Vary sentence rhythms

  2. Z Z Z When sentence openers do not vary, the sentences do not seem to connect Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980. A cloud of hot rock and gas surged northward from its collapsing slope. The cloud devastated more than 500 square kilometers of forests and lakes. The effects of Mount St. Helens were well documented with geophysical instruments. The origin of the eruption is not well understood. Volcanic explosions are driven by a rapid expansion of steam. Some scientists believe the steam comes from groundwater heated by the magma. Other scientists believe the steam comes from water originally dissolved in the magma. We need to understand the source of steam in volcanic eruptions. We need to determine how much water the magma contains.

  3. Topic of Sentence Subject Time of action Prepositional Phrase Location of action Prepositional Phrase Manner of action Adverb Subordinate action Dependent Clause Reason for action Infinitive Phrase Sentence #1 Sentence #3 Sentence #2 Varying sentence openers allows for more kinds of transitions between sentences

  4. Mount St. Helens erupted on May… • subject-verb Vary sentence openers to vary rhythm In minutes, the mountain emitted… • prepositional phrase Recently, debate has arisen... • adverb Although the exact time of the eruption surprised scientists, evidence had been collected... • dependent clause • prepositional phrase In the town below, people…

  5. Vary sentence openers to vary rhythm • infinitive phrase To understand the eruption, we have to... • gerundial phrase Calculating the amount of ashwill require many assumptions. • dependent clause How the blast occurredremains as subject a mystery. • verb-subject Is it groundwater heated by…

  6. Still other openers exist, but sometimes seem out of place in scientific writing • appositive One of the largest on record in North America,the Mount St. Helens’ eruption killed more than sixty people. • introductory series Seismic activity, cone deformation, electromagnetic changes—all these are precursors of an eruption. • adjective phrase Dark and ominous, the smoke cloud billowed for days.

  7. Varying sentence openers enlivens the writing and allows connections Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980. Its slope collapsing, the mountain emitted a cloud of hot rock and gas. In minutes, the cloud devastated more than 500 square kilometers of forests and lakes. Although the effects of the eruption were well documented, the origin is not well understood. Volcanic explosions are driven by a rapid expansion of steam. Recently, debate has arisen over the source for the steam. Is it groundwater heated by magma or water originally dissolved in the magma itself? To understand the source of steam in volcanic eruptions, we need to determine how much water the magma contains.

  8. Don't fear short sentences (3, 4, or 5 words), but avoid stacking short sentences Be selective with long sentences If you vary sentence openers, you will vary sentence lengths and structures Keep average length in teens

  9. To make connections, use transitional phrases early in sentences Pause Continuation Reversal Also, Moreover, First…Second... For that reason, Therefore, and For instance, For example, Strictly speaking, In other words, In effect, or However, On the other hand, Conversely, Nevertheless, Otherwise, but This shows... This means...

  10. …truss. This disregard for flexibility results in a low stiffness causing the natural frequency to be off. Successful Transition …truss. Not accounting for the flexibility results in a low stiffness causing the natural frequency to be off. Fluid Transition Replace the standalone “this” with a noun phrase that specifies the subject The finite element modeling technique does not take into account the flexibility of the truss. This results in a low stiffness, which causes the natural frequency to be off. Weak Transition

  11. Short paragraphs: 1-4 lines Use sparingly and don’t stack Long paragraphs: 8-10 lines Try to avoid long paragraphs Use a variety of long, medium, and short paragraphs Average paragraphs: 5-6 lines

  12. Use lists for easy reading Items you might list: • Material for a procedures • Equipment in a procedure • Parts of a mechanism • Steps in a sequence • Advice or examples • Conclusions/recommendations • Criteria for evaluation • Errors to avoid

  13. White space gives shape to a document and orients the user

  14. White space space for headings space for margins space for illustrations

More Related