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CHAPTER 8 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 8 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Synthesis Reactions ( Compositions Reactions ): A + X  AX examples Fe + S  FeS 2 Ca + O 2  2CaO. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

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CHAPTER 8 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

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  1. CHAPTER 8REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

  2. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Synthesis Reactions (Compositions Reactions): A + X  AX examples • Fe + S  FeS • 2 Ca + O22CaO

  3. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- 6 TYPES (memorize) 1. metallic carbonate  metallic oxide + carbon dioxide • CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (g) • Na2CO3Na2O + CO2 (g)

  4. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- (continued) 2. metallic hydroxide  metallic oxide + water • Mg(OH) 2 MgO + H2O (g) • 2NaOH  Na2O + H2O (g)

  5. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- (continued) 3. metallic chlorate  metallic chloride + oxygen • 2 KClO32 KCl + 3 O2

  6. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- (continued) 4. acid  nonmetallic oxide + water • H2CO3 CO2 (g) + H2O

  7. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- (continued) • Some oxides decompose • 2 HgO 2 Hg + O2(g)

  8. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Decomposition Reactions -- (continued) • electrolysis – separation by electric current • 2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2 (g) • 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2 (g)

  9. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES • Metal in a compound replaced by more active metal • Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu

  10. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES • Hydrogen in water replaced by active metal • 2 Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

  11. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES • Hydrogen in acid replaced by metal Zn + H2SO4ZnSO4 + H2 (g) metal + acid  metallic compound + hydrogen gas

  12. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES 4. Halogen replacing halogen F2 + 2KCl KF + Cl2 more active halogen (F) replaces less active (Cl) activity decreases down group VII (17)

  13. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Double – Replacement Reactions OR Ionic reactions: AX + BY  AY + BX NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl  CuO + H2SO4CuSO4 + H2O

  14. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Combustion Reactions substance reacts with oxygen to release heat and light energy 2 H2 + O2 H2O C3H8 (g) + 5O23CO2(g) + 4H2O

  15. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Combustion Reactions Assignment: pg

  16. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS Common Formulas (MEMORIZE) Free Elements often exist as single atoms (examples: Ag, Cu, C, S, etc) • are written as such in equations C + O2 CO2 2 Ag + 2 HNO3 2 AgNO3 + H2

  17. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS Common Formulas (MEMORIZE) NobleGases always exist in free state as monatomic molecules (and almost never react) (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

  18. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Common Formulas (MEMORIZE) Eight elements exist as DIATOMIC MOLECUES in the free state • gases at room temperature: N2, O2, H2, F2, Cl2 • liquid (@ r.t.): Br2 • solid (@ r.t.): I2 &At2 • written as such in equations • Br2 + 2KI  2KBr + I2 • S + O2 SO2

  19. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS ACTIVITY SERIES OF THE ELEMENTS • A list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions. • Determined by the single replacement reaction • Describes reactivity and ability to replace an ion in a compound • Charts s:\Chemistry\resources\reactivity series chart.doc S:\Chemistry\resources\The Reactivity Series.doc

  20. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS Common Formulas (MEMORIZE) • ammonia: NH3 • steam: H2O • water: H2O • ice: H2O • hydrogen peroxide: H2O2

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