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CstM 301 - Management & Organization. management learning past to present. classical management…. classical approaches assumption: people are rational. scientific management Frederick Taylor. administrative principle Henri Fayol. bureaucratic organization Max Weber.
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CstM 301 - Management & Organization management learning past to present
classical management… classical approaches assumption: people are rational scientific management Frederick Taylor administrative principle Henri Fayol bureaucratic organization Max Weber
scientific management… • four guiding action principles… • develop for every job a “science” • carefully select workers • carefully train workers & provide incentives • support workers through planning • motion studies Frederick Taylor
administrative principles… • rules or duties of management • foresight • organization • command • coordination • control Henri Fayol
bureaucratic organization… • defining characteristics • clear division of labor • clear hierarchy of authority • formal rules and procedures • impersonality • careers based on merit Max Weber
behavioral management… organizations as communities Mary Parker Follett theory x and theory y Douglas McGregor human resource approaches assumption: people are social & self-actualizing hawthorne studies Elton Mayo theory of human needs Abraham Maslov personality and organization Chris Argyris
organizations as communities… • managers & workers labor in harmony • no domination • freedom to talk • reconcile conflicts • combine talents for the greater good • managers job… • help people cooperate • achieve integration of efforts Mary Parker Follett
the hawthorne studies… • original purpose of study • social setting & human relations • group atmosphere • participative supervision • employee attitudes & group processes • negative & positive impact • lessons learned • the hawthorne effect • human relations movement Elton Mayo
theory of human needs… self-actualizing needs highest level: need for self-fulfillment; to grow & use abilities to fullest & most creative extent esteem needs need for esteem in the eyes of others; need for respect, prestige, recognition; need for self-esteem, personal sense of competence, mastery social needs need for love, affection, sense of belongingness in one’s relationships with other people safety needs need for security, protection and stability in the events of day-to-day life physiological needs most basic need of all human needs; need for biological maintenance; food, water & physical well-being
theory x & theory y… • theory x assumes people… • dislike work • lack ambition • act irresponsibly • prefer to be led • theory y assumes people… • are willing to work • like responsibility • are self-directed & creative • self-fulfilling prophecy… Douglas McGregor
theory of adult personality… • highest productivity is a result of… • treating people positively • as responsible adults • mismatch between management • practice & mature adult personalities… • absenteeism • turnover • apathy alienation • low morale Chris Argyris
modern management… quantitative analysis & tools organizations as systems contingency thinking modern approaches assumption: maybe there’s another way… knowledge management quality management evidence-based management
contingency thinking… changing & complex bureaucratic structures work well flexible structures work well environment stable & uncomplicated
quality management… • w. edwardsdemming • total quality management • joseph juran • continuous improvement • iso certification
knowledge management & organizational learning… • intellectual capital • change and improve
evidence-based management… • four sources of information: • practitioner expertise & judgment • evidence from the local context • critical evaluation of best available research data • perspective of those impacted by decision
