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1 Dip. di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, 06123 (PG) - ITALY

Spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of organic and inorganic materials in modern art: a case study. Francesca Rosi 1 , Alessia Daveri 1 , Costanza Miliani 2 , Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti 1 , Antonio Sgamellotti 1,2.

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1 Dip. di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, 06123 (PG) - ITALY

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  1. Spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of organic and inorganic materials in modern art: a case study Francesca Rosi1, Alessia Daveri1, Costanza Miliani2, Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti1, Antonio Sgamellotti1,2 1Dip. di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, 06123 (PG) - ITALY 2Dip. di Chimica, CNR c/o Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, 06123 (PG) - ITALY Sezione Tematica INSTM: 1. Materiali inorganici cristallini ed amorfi

  2. The intrinsic complexity of modern artworks the employ of new materials and not well codified techniques having at disposal a large variety of new materials and also the license to use them with unconventional execution techniques The study of materials and techniques of contemporary art The necessity to characterize materials and methods for preserving the conservation state and start correct conservation procedures Project PRIN2006: Development of specific methodologies for the non-invasive study of materials and techniques of contemporary art

  3. Calamita Cosmica Gino De Dominicis (1947-1998) enormous sculpture representing a human skeleton dimensions 24x6x10 m3 Mole Vanvitelliana, Ancona2005 Piazzetta Reale, Milano 2007 www.repubblica.it

  4. Micro destructive spectroscopic techniques Leica DM R Optical Microscope (OM) equipped with a digital camera Leica DC300 SEM-EDS Electron scanning microscope Philips XL30 with an LaB6source and an energy dispersive X-ray EDAX/DX4 detector. Epoxy resin (Epofix, Struers) was used for the preparation of cross-sections JASCO Ventuno micro-Raman (R): - 1200 and 2400 mm/lines gratings - CCD detector cooled at –50°C; - Confocal OM (5x, 20x, 50x, 100x). - Nd:YAG laser (532 nm); - spectral resolution of about 2 cm-1 • JASCO FTIR 470-plus spectrophotometer Micro-FTIR (FTIR): • nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride detector (MCT) • IRT-30 optical microscope • reflectance transmittance geometry (Cassegrain 16x/32x objectives)

  5. molecular distribution in the stratigraphy 16x Cassegrain objective; map dimension 250x550m2 ; x,y step 50 m ; total time 13 h Scans 800; spectral resolution 4 cm-1 Diffuse reflection can cause distortion of the band intensitiesas compared to transmission spectra, and specular reflection may cause derivative or inverted band shape. 0°/0° geometry Reflectance FTIR technique specular diffuse transmittance Mapping FTIR measurement

  6. Materials characterization The enormous sculpture is mainly composed by polystyrene (EPS) Gypsum has been found as filler

  7. Stratigraphic study OM image BSE-SEM image 5 4 3 2 1 • White layer of variable thickness • light brown layer 260-395 m • brass lamina 80-230 m • white layer 100-150 m • white layer 790-900 m

  8. inorganic components • elemental composition: Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti organic components • CaCO3: 1+3 @ 2500 cm-1; 1+4 @ 1800 cm-1 • -SiO2: (-SiO2) @ 1100 cm-1; + (- SiO2) @ 1800;1870; 1980 cm-1 1 & 2 inner layers

  9. analogies with the gold decoration technique of ancient painters Cu, Zn Benozzo Gozzoli, S.Girolamo Chapel, Montefalco (1452) Au Sn 3. Brass lamina 80-230 m brass (15% of Zn, similoro brass)

  10. Talc is a hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula Mg3 Si4 O10 (OH)2 Organic molecular patterns with carbonyl ester @ 1750 cm-1 4. white layer Elemental composition similar to 1 & 2 layers: Si, Al, Ca, Ti, Mg 100-150 m

  11. Elemental composition: Si and Ti as main elements L. Burgio, R. J. H. Clark, Kournal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31, 395–401 (2000) 5. white finish layer 790-900 m

  12. Micro FT-IR mapping experiments CaCO3 distribution Area of the n1+n3 combination band @ 2428-2638 cm -1 CaCO3 is mainly distributed in layers 4, 1 & 2, it is absent in the external white layer

  13. Micro FT-IR mapping experiments Organic compounds distribution Shift of the carbonyl stretching from 1730-1750 cm -1

  14. Micro FT-IR mapping experiments Polystyrene distribution CH signal @ 3013-3095 cm -1

  15. Stratigraphic study Polystyrene mixed with SiO2, TiO2, talc, ftalo dyes; 1740 cm-1 carbonyl 5 Allumino silicate matrix with CaCO3 , SiO2, TiO2, Fe-oxides, talc; 1750 cm-1 carbonyl 4 Cu, Zn lamina 3 Allumino silicate matrix with CaCO3 , SiO2, TiO2, Fe-oxides; oilresin 1750 cm-1 carbonyl 2 1

  16. Calamita Cosmica Conservation • polystyrene substrata • external painted layers: difference in mechanical properties; salt crystallization; aging of external vinyl resin www.repubblica.it

  17. NA WD 32x 0.7 10mm 16x 0.57 20.5mm

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