1 / 13

Healthy Pregnancy

Healthy Pregnancy. Prenatal Care no great change to a woman during embryonic period during late foetal period, foetus has high demands mother functions slow down  nutrients stay in blood longer constipation

kenna
Download Presentation

Healthy Pregnancy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Healthy Pregnancy

  2. Prenatal Care • no great change to a woman during embryonic period • during late foetal period, foetus has high demands • mother functions slow down  nutrients stay in blood longer • constipation • mothers blood vol increases (40%) & faster circulation (increased heart rate and vol) • alcohol, drugs & antibodies may pass from mum to foetus • increase energy intake to 850kJ / day • Increase protein to at least 65g / day • Increase Ca, Fe, folate, fluorine (in water) • Weight gain (approx 0.5 kg / week) • Maintain same exercise program as before pregnancy

  3. Factors Affecting Foetal Development

  4. 1. Environment: • warmth, moisture & nutrition in Uterus • Other people, climate, food, disease / Infection • 2. Congenital Disorders • defects or diseases that are present at birth • may inherit a defective gene or due to mutation • may be due to environmental factors (teratogenic agents) • Teratogenic agents / Mutagens • Mutagen: changes genetic info  increases frequency of mutations above normal level • Teratogen: capable of interfering with development of foetus  birth defects

  5. 3. Environmental factors causing non-inheritable changes

  6. Infections • Rubella  cause foetus to be deaf, blind, heart malformation or brain damage • Hepatitis & mumps may have varying affects. Influenza may cause brain damage. • Listeria infection (Listeriosis): Bacteria ingested in uncooked/old food. May cause miscarriages/stillbirths. • MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) vaccination for all 1 year olds • Maternal diet • Ca: bone growth • Vit A (green / yellow veg’s): normal growth of cells • Folic Acid (In whole grain bread/cereals, green leafy veg’s, legumes) : Normal cell division & protein manufacture (lack spina bifida)

  7. Alcohol • Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • 1/1000 births • Lower birth weight • Small head • Irregularities of the face • Heart defects • Malformed arms / legs • Mental retardation • Hyperactivity, nervousness or poor attention span

  8. Smoking • Decreased birth weight • Increased respiratory problems (bronchitis, pneumonia) • Increased risk of miscarriage • SIDS • Smoke + Breast milk = gastrointestinal problems • Chemicals • Thalidomide (sleeping pills): limb malformation • Heroin / LSD

  9. Smoking • Decreased birth weight • Increased respiratory problems (bronchitis, pneumonia) • Increased risk of miscarriage • SIDS • Smoke + Breast milk = gastrointestinal problems • Chemicals • Thalidomide (sleeping pills): limb malformation • Heroin / LSD

  10. Diagnosis of Foetal Health

  11. Ultrasound • Inaudible, high frequency sound waves are reflected against foetal tissue are • translated into a visual image on a computer screen. • Chromosomal Analysis • Karyotype: A photograph/drawing of chromosomes displayed • Used to detect: down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, certain neural tube defects (spina bifida), tay-sachs disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy & sickle cell anaemia. • Can be obtained by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling • Amniocentesis: during 16 -20 weeks, approx 130mL amniotic fluid • Removal of approx 10-20mL amniotic fluid containing some floating living cells from foetus

  12. Chorionic Villus Sampling: during 9-19 weeks, obtain foetal cells from Chorion • Procedure and testing Faster than amniocentesis but • 1/100 may result in a miscarriage • Cannot detect spina bifida • Blood tests of Mothers blood: after 6 weeks, sample treated with magnetised antibodies which attach to certain foetal cells, and they are removed for analysis. • Fetoscopy • Looking at foetus through a small, telescope-like instrument (fetoscope) which is inserted into abdominal wall. • Used to detect: cleft lip/palate, missing/abnormal ears, deformed absent/limbs, spinal abnormalities.

  13. Foetal Blood Sampling • Blood is directly obtained from foetus and analysed. • Diagnosis may be obtained on the same day. • Foetal monitoring • During labour/birth • Regular monitoring of foetus’ heart rate using ultrasound & electrocardiography (electrical changes in heart) • Produces an electrocardiogram (ECG) – graph •  then certain components of test DNA are missing • Biochemical Analysis • Assessment of marker proteins (if present the foetus has a certain defect) • DNA Probes • Segment of ‘labelled’ DNA, identical to that being tested is allowed to combine with test DNA • If it does not combine completely then certain components of test DNA are missing

More Related