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Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu

Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu. 1 Kiat-kò͘ kap Seng-lí 2 Ba̍k-chiu-pīⁿ kap Tī-liâu 3 Oán-sī kap Kūn-sī 4 Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-kiān. Kiat-kò͘ kap Seng-lí. Sī-khì: - Ba̍k-chiu ê lō͘-ēng sī kóan khòaⁿ-kìⁿ ê tāi-chì, kiò-chòe sī-kak ( 視覺 );

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Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu

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  1. Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu 1 Kiat-kò͘ kap Seng-lí 2 Ba̍k-chiu-pīⁿ kap Tī-liâu 3 Oán-sī kap Kūn-sī 4 Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-kiān

  2. Kiat-kò͘ kap Seng-lí • Sī-khì: - Ba̍k-chiuê lō͘-ēng sī kóan khòaⁿ-kìⁿ ê tāi-chì, kiò-chòe sī-kak (視覺); - i ê khóan-sit sī chhin-chhiūⁿ kiû, ji̍p tī ba̍k-chiu-o ê só͘-chāi; - khoah chha-put-to chi̍t chhùn, chhim káu hun (tē 105 tô͘)

  3. I ê ûi ū saⁿ têng: - gōa-têng si kēng-mo̍͘h (硬膜, sclerotic; 19), kap kak mo̍͘h (角膜, cornea; 9). - Tē jī têng sī me̍h-lo̍k-mo̍͘h (脈絡膜, choroid; 20), kap hông-chhái (虹彩, iris; 11). - Tē saⁿ têng sī bāng-mo̍͘h (網膜, retina; 21).

  4. Kēng-mo̍͘h: sī tēng koh kian-kò͘ ê chit, teh pó-hō͘ lāi-bīn khah khòai siū hāi ê mi̍h. • Kak-mo̍͘h: - sī ōe thang-kng ê mo̍͘h, teh khàm tī gán-kiû thâu-chêng ê la̍k hūn chi̍t. - Kak-mo̍͘h-lāi bô huih-kńg. - Kak-mo̍͘h sī tùi lîm-pa-e̍k lâi siū i ê chu-ióng-liāu. - Kak-mo̍͘h ū sîn-keng ê bé-liu chin chōe.

  5. Me̍h-lo̍k-mo̍͘h: - sī khah o͘-chang-sek. - Tī chit têng-lāi ū huih-kńg chin chōe. - Me̍h-lo̍k-mo̍͘h ê chok-iōng sī teh iúⁿ-chhī gán-kiû. - Iā i ê sek-tī teh hō͘ ba̍k-chiu-lāi khah àm. • Hông-chhái (iris): - Tī kak-mo̍͘h kap chúi-chiⁿ-thé(6) ê tiong-kan ū chhin-chhiūⁿ îⁿ ê mn̂g-lî, hō chòe hông-chhái; - khoah chha-put-to pòaⁿ-chhùn; - sek-tī ta̍k lâng bô sio-tâng, ū lâng sī o͘, ū-ê lâm, chang, hé-hu, chhiah, kúi-nā hō ê sek.

  6. Tông-khóng (瞳孔): - Chit ê hông-chhái ê tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê khang kiò-chòe tông-khóng. - Tông-khóng ū-sî tōa, ū-sî sòe, sī tùi hông-chhái ê chhun-kiu; - tī kng ê só͘-chāi chiū kiu sòe, kiò-chòe tông-khóng-siu-siok (瞳孔收縮); - tī àm ê só͘-chāi ōe chhun tōa, kiò-chòe tông-khóng-sàn-tāi (瞳孔散大).

  7. Chúi-chiⁿ-thé (水晶體,“chheng-chu”crystalline lens): -Tī kak-mo̍͘h ê āu-bīn ū chi̍t lia̍p, miâ kiò chúi-chiⁿ-thé. - Chit-ê sī chhin-chhiūⁿ siang-bīn phòng ê po-lê thàu-kiàⁿ ê khóan-sit; - i ê lō͘-ēng sī hō͘ kng ōe siā-ji̍p chiò tī bāng-mo̍͘h. - Chit ê chúi-chiⁿ-thé ōe ka-kī khah phòng khah thap; - khòaⁿ kūn ê mi̍h chiū khah phòng, khòaⁿ hn̄g chiū khah píⁿ.

  8. Chiân-pông (anterior chamber; 10), hō͘-pông (posterior chamber; 12): - Chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap kak-mo̍͘h ê tiong-ng ū nn̄g ê pông, - chiân-pông khah tōa, sī tī hông-chhái kap kak-mo̍͘h ê tiong-ng; - hō͘-pông sī khah sòe, tī chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap hông-chhái ê tiong-ng. - Tī nn̄g pông ê lāi-bīn, lóng ū chhin-chhiūⁿ chúi ê chit, kiò-chòe chúi-iūⁿ-e̍k (水樣液, aqueous humor). - Chit ê chúi-iūⁿ-e̍k sî-siông liû-hêng, tùi hō͘-pông, kè tông-khóng kàu chiân-pông; iā tùi chiân-pông khip-siu tī chēng-me̍h-lāi.

  9. Po-lê-thé-pông(vitreous chamber; 18): - Tī chúi-chiⁿ-thé ê āu-bīn, tī chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap bāng-mo̍͘h ê tiong-ng, ū chit ê tōa-pông, pí hit téng-bīn chiân-, hō͘-pông khah tōa, miâ kiò po-lê-thé-pông; - tī lāi-bīn ū thang-kng ê chit, kiò-chòe po-lê-thé (vitreous).

  10. Sī-sîn-keng: - Chi̍t tiâu sī-sîn-keng sī tùi náu khí, chiap kàu gán-kiû po-lê-thé-pông ê āu-bīn, chiah pun-khui lâi chòe pau gán-kiû ê lāi-têng, chiū-sī bāng-mo̍͘h. - Gán-kiû la̍k hūn ê gō͘ hūn ū pau bāng-mo̍͘h (網膜, retina). - Bāng-mo̍͘h sui-bóng sī po̍h-po̍h, iáu-kú thang pun kúi-nā têng. - Nā ēng kiám-gán-kiàⁿ lâi giām, ōe khòaⁿ-kìⁿ hit ba̍k-chiu-lāi ê sī-sîn-keng-leng-thâu (視神經乳頭, optic disc); iā ōe khòaⁿ-kìⁿ bāng-mo̍͘h ê tōng-chēng-me̍h.

  11. Ba̍k-chiu-pīⁿ kap Tī-liâu • Kak-mo̍͘h-pe̍h-pan • Pe̍h-lāi-chiàng • Le̍k-lāi-chiàng

  12. Kak-mo̍͘h-pe̍h-pan • Kak-mo̍͘h-pe̍h-pan ê khòan-sit, sī kak-mo̍͘hkhí pe̍h-ì, lâi jia ba̍k-chiu ê tông-khóng, hō͘ lâng bōe khòaⁿ-kìⁿ mi̍h. • I-tī ê hoat-tō͘, tio̍h ēng chhiú-su̍t-ê, chiong hit ê hông-chháitām-po̍h ka-khí-lâi chòe khang, chhin-chhiūⁿ sin ê tông-khóng ê khóan, kiò-chòe hông-chhái-chhiat-tû-su̍t (虹彩切除術, iridectomy; tē 248, 249 tô͘). • Pīⁿ hó liáu-āu, tio̍h kòa ū chòe-sek ê ba̍k-kiàⁿ.

  13. Pe̍h-lāi-chiàng • Pe̍h-lāi-chiàng sī in-ūichúi-chiⁿ-thétńg lô, lâng chiū chhiⁿ-mî. • Chit hō chèng, tio̍h koah ba̍k-chiu, lâi the̍h chhut chúi-chiⁿ-thé; • āu-lâi tio̍h kòa phòng ê ba̍k-kiàⁿ lâi thòe chúi-chiⁿ-thé, chiū khòaⁿ ōe bêng.

  14. Tì-ì tiām-chēng I-seng teh chòe ba̍k-chiu chhiú-su̍t ê sî, khàn-hō͘ tio̍h tiām-tiām, m̄-thang tín-tāng kiâⁿ lō͘, á-sī cha̍h kng, lâi kiáu-jiáu i-seng. • Ba̍k-chiu chhiú-su̍t liáu-āu, tio̍h kah i tó chhiò-chhiò; • chiàu i-seng ê bēng-lēng, ū-sî saⁿ sì ji̍t m̄-thang tín-tāng, á-sī lo̍h thô͘-kha chòe tāi-chì. • Tio̍h chiong khah khòai siau-hòa ê mi̍h hō͘ i chia̍h.

  15. Le̍k-lāi-chiàng • Iáu ū chi̍t khóan ba̍k-chiu pīⁿ ū-sî ōe tì-kàu chhiⁿ-mî, kiò-chòe le̍k-lāi-chiàng (綠內障, glaucoma). • Chit hō pīⁿ-lâng ê ba̍k-chiu-jînpìⁿ-chiâⁿ tēng. Tùi án-ni ū teh-tio̍h sī-sīn-keng-leng-thâuhō͘ i pháiⁿ-khì, tì-kàu chiām-chiām bū, khòaⁿ bōe bêng. • Chit-ê khah-siông sī lāu-lâng chiah ōe án-ni. • Ū-sî i-seng ēng chhiú-su̍t lâi hō͘ i m̄-bián chhiⁿ-mî. • Tio̍h ēng eserinaê io̍h tiám ba̍k-chiu-lāi.

  16. Oán-sī kap Kūn-sī • Ba̍k-chiu thang hun chòe sì khóan: • chiàⁿ-sī-gán (正視眼, normal vision eye); • óan-sī-gán (遠視眼, far-sighted eye); • kūn-sī-gán (近視眼, near-sighted eye; tē 106 tô͘); • lōan-sī-gán (亂視眼, astigmatic eye).

  17. Chiàⁿ-sī-gán • Chiàⁿ-sī-gánsī ba̍k-chiu chiâu-chn̂g hó • chiū-sī ji̍t-kng ê pîⁿ-hêng-sòaⁿ (平行線) nā ji̍p tī ba̍k-chiu-lāi, i ê sio-tiám (焦點, focus) sī tú-tú tī bāng-mo̍͘h; só͘-í lâng ōe thang khòaⁿ bêng(tē106tô͘ A).

  18. Óan-sī-gán • Óan-sī-gánchiū-sī gán-kiû siuⁿ té, só͘-í ji̍t-kng ê pîⁿ-hêng-sòaⁿ chiò-ji̍p tī ba̍k-chiu, i ê sio-tiám sī tī bāng-mo̍͘h-āu (tē 106 tô͘ B).

  19. Kūn-sī-gán • Kūn-sī-gánsī gán-kiû siuⁿ tn̂g, só͘-í ji̍t-kng ê pîⁿ-hêng-sòaⁿ chiò-ji̍p tī ba̍k-chiu, i ê sio-tiám sī tī bāng-mo̍͘h-chêng (tē 106 tô͘ C). • Nā-sī án-ni chiū khòaⁿ hn̄g khah bô bêng. Khòaⁿ mi̍h ài the̍h khah óa ba̍k-chiu, só͘-í kiò-chòe kūn-sī-gán. Khòaⁿ tē 108-110 tô͘ chiū chai.

  20. Ba̍k-kiàⁿ • Óan-sī-gán, gán-kiû siuⁿ té; kūn-sī-gán, gán-kiû siuⁿ tn̂g; nā án-ni kán-séng kì, chiū khah ōe-kì-tit. • Lâng ê ba̍k-chiu nā óan-sī-gán, tio̍h kòa phòng-bīn thàu-kiàⁿ ê ba̍k-kiàⁿ. Án-ni chiū ji̍t-kng ê pîⁿ-hêng-sòaⁿ ê sio-tiám, ōe tú-tú tī bāng-mo̍͘h, chiū ōe thang khòaⁿ bêng (tē 111 tô͘ ). • Lâng ê ba̍k-chiu nā kūn-sī-gán tio̍h ēng thap-bīn thàu-kiàⁿ ê ba̍k-kiàⁿ. An-ni chiū ji̍t-kng ê pîⁿ-hêng-sòaⁿ, i ê sio-tiám ōe tú-tú tī bāng-mo̍͘h, chiū ōe thang khòaⁿ bêng (tē 110 tô͘ ) .

  21. Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-kiān • Lūn pó-sioh ba̍k-chiu thian-jiân ê hoat-tō͘ • Chiàu-kò͘ ba̍k-chiu ê kui-kú

  22. Lūn pó-sioh ba̍k-chiu thian-jiân ê hoat-tō͘ • Ba̍k-chiu sī put-chí pó-pòe ê mi̍h, só͘-í pī-pān ta̍k hāng chiâu-pī lâi pó-hō͘. • Ba̍k-jîn téng-ē ham ū ba̍k-chiu phê ōe thí-khui ōe ha̍p. Nā ū sím-mi̍h teh beh kha̍p-tio̍h chiū ka-kī ōe nih lâi pó-hō͘ ba̍k-chiu. • Ba̍k-chiu phê ê kîⁿ ū ba̍k-chiah-mn̂g sī hō͘ eng-ia kap sio̍k hô͘-sîn ê lūi khah bōe ji̍p. Ba̍k kîⁿ iā ōe siⁿ tām-po̍h iû hō͘ téng-ē ê kîⁿ khah bōe sio liâm.

  23. Ba̍k-chiu u ê téng-bīn gōa-kak ū ba̍k-sái chôaⁿ chha-put-to chhin-chhiūⁿ hēng-jîn ê tōa. • I ê kong-iōng sī ōe siⁿ e̍k ná chúi lâi siông-siông lūn-te̍k ba̍k-chiu koh sóe-tû eng-ia. • Ba̍k-chiu ê lāi-kak téng-ē kok ū chi̍t tiâu sòe-sòe ê kńg, ba̍k-sái tùi chiah ê kńg lâu lo̍h phīⁿ-khang-lāi chiah ûn-ûn-á ta-khì. • Siat-sú lâng kan-khó͘ sim thî-khàu ba̍k-sái chiah siⁿ khah chōe, lâu bōe it-chīn lo̍h phīⁿ chiū móa-chhut tī bīn. • Kiám-chhái ba̍k-chiu eng-tio̍h chiū liâm-piⁿ ū ba̍k-iû khah chōe ōe lâu-chhut lâi sóe-tû.

  24. Chiàu-kò͘ ba̍k-chiu ê kui-kú • Taⁿ í-keng chai ba̍k-chiu sī chin pó-pòe ê mi̍h eng-kai tio̍h sòe-jī chiàu-kò͘ ná chhin-chhiūⁿ pó-chu. • Siàu-liân ê sî nā lām-sám ēng, chiū kiaⁿ-liáu pa̍t-ji̍t sit-pāi. Ū kúi-nā hāng tio̍h sòe-jī tî-hông.

  25. (1) Tī khah àm ê pâng-keng m̄ thang khòaⁿ chheh á-sī chòe chiam-sit. Nā tiám iû teng tio̍h ēng chóa-phê chòe teng-tà. Kng nā chiò tī só͘ khòaⁿ ê mi̍h sī tē-it hó, nā tùi ba̍k-chiu ōe chai kan-khó͘. • (2) Ha̍k-seng siá jī m̄ thang àⁿ-àⁿ hō͘ ba̍k-chiu siuⁿ óa, che iā sī hāi ba̍k-chiu. Lâng nā ài the̍h mi̍h chīn óa ba̍k-chiu, chiū hit ê lâng tōa pòaⁿ sī khiàm-ēng ba̍k-kiàⁿ.

  26. (3) Khiàm-ēng ba̍k-kìaⁿ ê lâng bô lūn tōa-lâng gín-á m̄ thang beh lún m̄ kòa; i ê ba̍k-chiu siông-sè lâi chîn chiū kiaⁿ-liáu ōe ham-hāi. • (4) Bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ ū thì-thâu ê ēng gûn ê chu-á so ba̍k-chiu phê-lāi. Chit ê tāi-chì chin bô ún-tàng, in-ūi kiám-chhái tùi hōan-tio̍h ba̍k-soa ê lâng thôan hit ê to̍k kàu tī pa̍t lâng ê hó ba̍k.

  27. (5) Siat-sú lâng ba̍k-chiu thiàⁿ, khan âng-kun thang ēng tām-po̍h pêng-se-sng, iûⁿ tī kún-chúi, hê ê sî chiah lâi sóe ba̍k-chiu, ta̍k ji̍t kúi-nā pái. • Koh thang ēng chi̍t tè khah o͘ ê chóa-phê pa̍k thâu-hia̍h lâi jia ba̍k-chiu, chiū ji̍t kng khah bōe chhiah ba̍k. • Nā bô kín-kín khah hó tio̍h chhiáⁿ chai-iáⁿ ê sian-siⁿ kā i khòaⁿ lâi tiám pa̍t mi̍h io̍h.

  28. (6) Ba̍k-chiu ū sî siⁿ chu, che sī chin iàu-kín ê sū, tio̍h liâm-piⁿ i-tī, nā bô kiaⁿ-liáu siⁿ chu ōe ná chhim, iā ōe chǹg khang hāi-tio̍h gán-liâm, āu-lâi beh i chin oh, kiám-chhái phah pháiⁿ ba̍k-chiu kàu chi̍t sì.

  29. (7) Siat-sú ba̍k-chiu eng-tio̍h kàu put-chí tiam m̄ thang jê. Ba̍k-chiu tio̍h pàng khoeh tia̍p-á kú, kiám-chhái ka-kī ōe lâu ba̍k-iû sóe-tû, • nā bô chiū thang tùi ba̍k-chiu phê tioh-kôaiⁿ khí-lâi, hō͘ eng-ia tè ba̍k-iû lâu-chhut, • á-sī chiong ba̍k-phê péng khí-lâi khòaⁿ eng-ia á-sī chi̍t ki í-keng lak ê ba̍k-chiah-mn̂g tī tah-lo̍h, thang sòa ēng nńg-nńg koh chheng-khì ê kun á-sī mî-hoe khin-khin chhit khí-lâi. • Nā bô kín hó tio̍h chhéng-kàu i-seng.

  30. Siat-sú tōa lâng á-sī gín-á ba̍k-chiu thiàⁿ, lâu chōe-chōe ba̍k-sái ko, chit hō pīⁿ khòai-khòai tò͘-tio̍h lâng. • Beh tî-hông chit ê tāi-chì nn̄g lâng ê bīn m̄ thang saⁿ-óa, koh ba̍k-chiu thiàⁿ ê lâng tio̍h ēng lēng-gōa bīn-kun. • Lāu-bú kā gín-á chhit ba̍k-chiu liáu-āu tio̍h sóe chhiú, chiū khah bōe tò͘-tio̍h ka-kī ê ba̍k-chiu.

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